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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiparkinsonian effect of flupirtine in monoamine-depleted rats (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 581-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Locomotor activity ; EMG activity ; monoamine-depletion ; reserpine ; d-methyl-p-tyrosine ; L-DOPA ; flupirtine ; rats ; Parkinson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists lead to marked suppression of parkinsonian-like symptoms in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease and are able to potentiate the ability of L-DOPA to reverse akinesia and ameliorate muscular rigidity displayed in these animal models. Flupirtine, which is clinically used as a non-opioid analgesic agent, has some N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonistic properties in several in vivo and in vitro experiments. We now report that in monoamine depleted rats (pretreated with reserpine, 5 mg/kg, and α-methyl-para-tyrosine, 250mg/ kg i.p.) flupirtine dose-dependently (1–20mg/kg i.p.) suppressed rigidity, measured as tonic EMG activity in the gastrocnemius muscle, but had no effect on akinesia, measured as locomotor activity. In addition, it potentiated the antiparkinsonian effect of L-DOPA on akinesia and rigidity in this rodent model of Parkinson's disease. These effects of flupirtine are of particular clinical relevance, since flupirtine is devoid of the typical side effects of NMDA-receptor antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273155
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germline mosaicism in 4q35 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD1A) occurring predominantly in oogenesis (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 98 (1996), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder affecting facial and shoulder girdle muscles with subsequent progression to the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. The major gene involved has been localized to chromosome 4q35 (FSHD1A). The 4q35 DNA marker p13E-11 (D4F104S1) detects a de novo EcoRI DNA rearrangement of 〈 30 kb in isolated and familial cases. The intrafamilial size of the fragment is constant, inversely correlated with the severity, and directly correlated with the age of onset of the condition. There has been evidence of parental mosaicism in FSHD1A for the D4F104S1 locus. Four female and three male clinically unaffected parents have been described to be carriers of EcoRI fragments of the same size as their affected offspring, but with a markedly less intensive hybridization signal (semi-quantitative evidence). In our total sample of 42 FSHD1A families, we found semi-quantitative evidence of parental D4F104S1 mosaicism in 11 families (EcoRI fragment size range: 12–27 kb). On analysis with adjacent 4q35 probes (D4S163, D4S139), additional qualitative evidence of germline mosaicism could be obtained in two families. In our mosaic families and in the families reported in the literature, a female predominance of mosaicism carriers (13 females versus 5 males) could be noted. In our sample, mosaicism was observed in multigeneration families, in families with isolated cases, and in families with two and three affected children from seemingly unaffected parents. A short EcoRI fragment once having emerged in a mosaicism carrier was found to be transmitted autosomal dominantly to subsequent generations. Of all reported sporadic patients, 19% have a mosaic parent. Finding evidence of parental mosaicism in all our families with more than one affected child of seemingly unaffected parents suggests that there is no autosomal recessively inherited form of FSHD1A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050244
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clinical and genetic correlates of MRI findings in myotonic dystrophy (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 629-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Myotonic dystrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain ; Muscles ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amplification of an unstable CTG trinucleotide repeat sequence in a protein kinase gene on chromosome 19 has recently been recognised as the molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy (DM), a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of muscular and extramuscular manifestations. The CTG expansion of 40 patients was assessed by direct genotype analysis of the white blood cell DNA and correlated with MRI of the brain and muscles, and with functional clinical data. Cerebral pathology on MRI consisted of diffuse atrophy (68 %), subcortical white matter lesions (65 %), wide Virchow-Robin spaces (38 %) and thickening of the skull (35 %). Cerebral atrophy and extent of white matter disease correlated significantly with mental retardation, duration of disease and CTG fragment amplification. MRI of the muscular system showed fatty degeneration of different degrees in neighbouring muscles causing a mosaic pattern of the thigh in 38 % and the calf in 44 %. Muscular changes on MRI were strongly correlated with muscular impairment but less strongly with CTG expansion. Changes on MRI reflect the stage of development of tissue pathology in DM, modified by defect of the DM gene. Pathology on MRI is strongly correlated with functional deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of N2 as a metabolite of acetylhydrazine in the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Acetylhydrazine ; Isoniazid ; [15N]-Nitrogen ; Laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Cytochrome P450
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the pathogenesis of isoniazid-induced hepatic injury, cytochrome P450-dependent metabolic activation of the metabolite, acetylhydrazine (AcHz), is the crucial step. Exhalation of [14C]-carbon dioxide has previously been used to quantify indirectly this pathway. In contrast, according to the current concept of AcHz bioactivation, molecular nitrogen is produced directly, but has not yet been identified. Here, we measured [15N]-nitrogen and 14CO2 exhalation, after the administration of [15N2]-[14C]-AcHz, in rats. Laser magnetic resonance (LMR) spectroscopy, a new sensitive and specific technique for the measurement of 15N and 14N in gas samples, was used. To demonstrate the involvement of cytochrome P450, rats were treated with phenobarbital (PB) or PB + cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) (n=3 in each group). Time-dependent 15N2 exhalation differed significantly between treatment groups (p〈0.001). At 240 min, cumulative exhalation of 15N was 1.92±0.43% (mean±SE) of the dose in the control group, 2.53±0.23% in the PB group, and 1.00±0.15% in the PB+CoCl2 group (p〈0.05 compared to controls, p〈0.01 compared to PB). Cumulative exhalation of 14CO2 in 24 h ranged from 15.1 to 21.9%, with no significant difference between treatment groups. In conclusion, N2 is a metabolite of AcHz. N2 formation reflects the cytochrome P450-mediated activation of AcHz and can be used as an index of this pathway. Generally, LMR spectroscopy is valuable for monitoring any N2-liberating process in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050277
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Thlaspi s.l. (subtribe Thlaspidinae, Lepidieae) and allied genera based on chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Thlaspi  ;  Subtribe Thlaspidinae  ;   Brassicaceae  ;  Chloroplast DNA  ;   Restriction-site variation  ;  Molecular systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation was analyzed in 30 accessions representing 20 species from the major lineages in Thlaspi s.l. (previously described as genera by Meyer 1973, 1979) and allied genera from the subtribe Thlaspidinae (Peltaria, Teesdalia, Cochlearia, Ionopsidium, Aethionema). A total of 161 variable restriction sites were detected. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a division of Thlaspi s.l. into three groups consistent with Meyer’s genera Thlaspi s. str., Microthlaspi and Noccaea/Raparia. The genus Thlaspi s.l. as currently described proved to be paraphyletic because one of its major lineages, i.e. Thlaspi s. str., appeared to be more closely related to other genera (Peltaria, Teesdalia) than to the remaining lineages of Thlaspi s.l., i.e. Noccaea/Raparia and Microthlaspi. Sequence divergence values (100×p) between the Thlaspi s.1. lineages were similar to values between these groups and related genera (Teesdalia, Peltaria), respectively. Chloroplast DNA variation was also used to assess subtribal classification of the genera studied. The cpDNA data were inconsistent with the controversial taxonomic classifications based on morphology. The molecular data would suggest that (1) the subtribe Thlaspidinae, as traditionally described, is not monophyletic; (2) the Thlaspidinae should be reduced to a group consisting of Thlaspi s. str., Peltaria, Teesdalia, Microthlaspi, Noccaea/Raparia, and that Aethionema should be excluded from the Thlaspidinae; and (3) Cochlearia and Ionopsidium represent the subtribe Cochleariinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050138
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Thlaspi s.l. (subtribe Thlaspidinae, Lepidieae) and allied genera based on chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Thlaspi ; Subtribe Thlaspidinae ; Brassicaceae ; Chloroplast DNA ; Restriction-site variation ; Molecular systematics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation was analyzed in 30 accessions representing 20 species from the major lineages in Thlaspi s.l. (previously described as genera by Meyer 1973, 1979) and allied genera from the subtribe Thlaspidinae (Peltaria, Teesdalia, Cochlearia, Ionopsidium, Aethionema). A total of 161 variable restriction sites were detected. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a division of Thlaspi s.l. into three groups consistent with Meyer's genera Thlaspi s. str., Microthlaspi and Noccaea/Raparia. The genus Thlaspi s.l. as currently described proved to be paraphyletic because one of its major lineages, i.e. Thlaspi s. str., appeared to be more closely related to other genera (Peltaria, Teesdalia) than to the remaining lineages of Thlaspi s.l., i.e. Noccaea/Raparia and Microthlaspi. Sequence divergence values (100 x p) between the Thlaspi s.l. lineages were similar to values between these groups and related genera (Teesdalia, Peltaria), respectively. Chloroplast DNA variation was also used to assess subtribal classification of the genera studied. The cpDNA data were inconsistent with the controversial taxonomic classifications based on morphology. The molecular data would suggest that (1) the subtribe Thlaspidinae, as traditionally described, is not monophyletic; (2) the Thlaspidinae should be reduced to a group consisting of Thlaspi s. str., Peltaria, Teesdalia, Microthlaspi, Noccaea/Raparia, and that Aethionema should be excluded from the Thlaspidinae; and (3) Cochlearia and Ionopsidium represent the subtribe Cochleariinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223682
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Sulglycotide on inflammation and epithelial cell turnover in activeHelicobacter pylori + chronic gastritis a pilot study (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 22-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: chronic active gastritis ; Sulglycotide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of Sulglycotide were evaluated in a pilot study of activeH. pylori + atrophic gastritis. Ten informed patients (mean age 51±13 years) entered a double-blind study. Five received Sulglycotide 400 mg three times a day for one year, the other 5, placebo. At 0, 30, 90, 270, and 360 days of treatment, patients underwent endoscopic examinations with multiple biopsics. Morphometric studies (number of inflammatory cells and percent gland volume), morphologic studies (according to the Sydney system), and flow cytofluorimetry were performed in all cases. Compared to findings in the placebo group, patients treated with Sulglycotide showed a reduced number of inflammatory cells and an increase in gland volume 120 days after treatment. While the difference was not statistically significant, the trend was confirmed by the morphologic patterns. Flow cytofluorimetry revealed an increase in the percentage of cells in the G2 phase (full maturation) and a parallel drop in the S phase (premitotic synthesis) in the Sulglycotide group only in the first three months. These data would appear to indicate an acceleration of gastric epithelial cell maturation and a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate under the effect of Sulglycotide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208579
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the Interfacial Region Formed During ZnO Growth on Si(100) Substrate Using Single-source CVD (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 675-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The growth process of ZnO films on Si(100) by single-source chemical vapour deposition (CVD) was investigated. During the initial stages of growth (film thickness 〈30Å), oxidation of the Si substrate was observed which resulted in an interfacial region consisting of ZnO and Si oxides. For film thicknesses in excess of 40 Å the composition of the film approaches that of a continuous ZnO film. It is suggested that the mixed interfacial region strongly influences the adhesion of the film on the substrate by providing Zn-O-Si-type bonds. The oxidation of the substrate during the initial film growth may have direct implications on the type of contact layers that can be used in ZnO thin-film devices using single-source CVD techniques.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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