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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na+/H+ exchanger-1 alleles: strain distribution and correlation with activity (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 163-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176679
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flux limiting due to electron impact excitation energy loss (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large radiation losses in the electron energy balance equation due to electron impact excitation can cause the parallel scale length to become small enough that a short mean-free path expansion becomes questionable for the high-speed tail electrons. It then becomes necessary to limit the parallel electron heat flux so that it remains below its free-streaming value nT3/2/m, where n, T, and m are the electron density, temperature, and mass. A Boltzmann inelastic scattering col- lision operator is adopted to investigate whether electron impact excitation can lead to a self-consistent flux limit by depleting the electron tail. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871872
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-body similarity and its violation in tokamak edge plasmas (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3191-3193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scaling laws found under the assumption that two-body collisions dominate can be effectively used to benchmark complex multi-dimensional codes dedicated to investigating tokamak edge plasmas. The applicability of such scaling laws to the interpretation of experimental data, however, is found to be restricted to the relatively low plasma densities (〈1019 m−3) at which multistep processes, which break the two-body collision approximation, are unimportant. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871624
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling laws for two-dimensional divertor modeling (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 927-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To gain insight into divertor operation, similarity techniques are employed to investigate whether model systems of equations plus boundary conditions admit scaling transformations that lead to useful divertor scaling laws. These can be used to perform similarity experiments or more fully exploit large computer simulations. Fluid plasma models of the divertor region are adopted that ignore anomalous processes. We consider neutral descriptions in both the short and long mean-free path limits. As usual, the more approximations that are made, the more scaling transformations are allowed, leading to fewer independent dimensionless parameters that need to be considered, thereby imposing fewer divertor similarity constraints. The simplest model considered balances electron heat conduction with impurity radiation and places the fewest constraints on similarity. To be able to model the onset of detached divertor operation in short mean-free path regimes, a fluid neutral description is employed that balances plasma pressure by neutral pressure. In this model the constraints on divertor similarity are most severe. A less constrained long mean-free path or Knudsen neutral model is also considered. It models the onset of detached divertor operation by balancing plasma pressure by momentum transfer to the neutrals that are randomized by collisions with the deep slot sidewalls. The simpler models have relaxed divertor similarity constraints, but all models remain severely restricted by the collisionality constraints. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871798
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic and transport theory near the tokamak edge (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2365-2373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conventional transport orderings employed in the core of a tokamak plasma allow large divergence-free flows in flux surfaces, but only weak radial flows. However, alternate orderings are required in the edge region where radial diffusion must balance the rapid loss due to free streaming to divertor plates or limiters. Kinetic equations commonly used to study the plasma core do not allow such a balance and are, therefore, inapplicable in the plasma edge. Similarly, core transport formulas cannot be extended to the edge region without major, qualitative alteration. Here the necessary changes are addressed. By deriving and solving a novel kinetic equation, distinctive collisional transport laws for the plasma edge are constructed. It is found that the new edge ordering retains the radial diffusion and parallel flow of particles, momentum, and heat to lowest order in the conservation equations. To higher order a surprising form for parallel transport in the scrape-off layer is found, in which the parallel flow of particles and heat are driven by a combination of the conventional gradients, viscosity, and new terms involving radial derivatives. The new terms are not relatively small, and could affect understanding of limiter and divertor operation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871920
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Helicobacter pylori Status on Circulating Levels of the Coagulation Factors Fibrinogen, von Willebrand Factor, Factor VII, and Factor VIII (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Helicobacter 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been associated with an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD). It has been suggested that a persisting low-grade acute phase response results from the chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori infection, which may give rise to increased circulating levels of certain coagulation factors. Materials and Methods.One hundred three (53 male) nonconsecutive, randomly selected white subjects with symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for study from an outpatient endoscopy clinic at Leeds General Infirmary. The presence of H. pylori was determined by histological and microbiological investigation, a rapid urease test, and a 13carbon urea breath test (13C-UBT). Fibrinogen was measured by the Clauss method, factor VIII:C (FVIII:C) and factor VII:C (FVII:C) were measured by clotting rate assays, and the von Willebrand factor (vWF) was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results.No difference was found in levels of coagulation factors according to H. pylori status. Multiple regression models were used to account for the effect of covariates and H. pylori status on levels of FVII:C, FVIII:C, vWF, and fibrinogen, and again H. pylori status was not a significant determinant of levels of any of these coagulation factors. No difference occurred in full blood count, platelet count, white cell count, or plasma viscosity in individuals who were H. pylori-positive compared with those who were negative. Conclusions. H. pylori infection is not associated with increased circulating levels of fibrinogen, FVII:C, vWF.Ag, or FVIII:C or hemorrheology in this patient group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00011.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual Signalling by the Adenosine A2a Receptor Involves Activation of Both N- and P-Type Calcium Channels by Different G Proteins and Protein Kinases in the Same Striatal Nerve Terminals (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 67 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Many Gs-linked receptors have been reported to use multiple signalling pathways in transfected cells but few in their normal cell environment. We show that the adenosine A2a receptor uses two signalling pathways to increase the release of acetylcholine from striatal nerve terminals. One pathway involves activation of Gs, adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, and P-type calcium channels; the other is mediated by a cholera toxin-insensitive G protein, protein kinase C, and N-type calcium channels. The effects of these two pathways are not additive, the second pathway being inhibited by the first; but they are equally sensitive to the A2a receptor antagonist KF17837. This demonstrates that the A2a receptor activates two signalling systems in striatal cholinergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67010374.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The High-Affinity Sulphonylurea Receptor Regulates KATP Channels in Nerve Terminals of the Rat Motor Cortex (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The coexpression of sulphonylurea binding sites and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels was examined in the rat motor cortex, an area of the CNS exhibiting a high density of sulphonylurea binding. These channels were not detected on neuronal cell bodies, but sulphonylurea-sensitive KATP channels and charybdotoxin-sensitive, large-conductance calcium-activated K+ BKCa channels were detected by patch clamping of fused nerve terminals from the motor cortex. Subcellular fractionation revealed that high-affinity sulphonylurea binding sites were enriched in the nerve terminal fraction, whereas glibenclamide increased calcium-independent glutamate efflux from isolated nerve terminals. It is concluded that neuronal sulphonylurea receptors and KATP channels are functionally linked in the motor cortex and that they are both selectively expressed in nerve terminals, where the KATP channel may serve to limit glutamate release under conditions of metabolic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062562.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Regulation of Histamine- and Bradykinin-Stimulated Phospholipase C in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells: Evidence for Involvement of Different Protein Kinase C Isoforms (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In this report we investigate the isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) present in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells with respect to their modulation by treatment with phorbol ester and their possible differential involvement in the regulation of responses to histamine and bradykinin. The presence of individual isoforms of PKC was investigated by using eight isoform specific antisera, as a result of which PKC-α, ε, and ζ were identified. To characterize down-regulation of these enzymes, cells were incubated for 6–48 h with 1 µM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PKC-ε down-regulated more rapidly than PKC-α. At 12 h, PMA pretreatment, for example, PKC-ε was maximally down-regulated (23 ± 4% of controls), whereas PKC-α was unchanged. PKC-α showed partial down-regulation by 24 h of PMA pretreatment. PKC-ζ did not down-regulate at any of the times tested. Translocation from cytosol to membrane in response to PMA was also more rapid for PKC-ε than for PKC-α. The accumulation of total 3H-inositol (poly)phosphates in response to bradykinin or histamine was essentially abolished by prior treatment with 10-min PMA treatment (1 µM). However, with 12-h exposure to PMA, the bradykinin response was restored to the level seen with no prior PMA exposure. The histamine response showed no recovery by 12 h of PMA, but showed partial recovery by 24 h of PMA pretreatment. These observations showed that the restoration of the response to bradykinin corresponds to the loss of PKC-ε, whereas the restoration of the histamine response corresponds to the loss of PKC-α. This picture was confirmed with further studies on cytosolic Ca2+. The results show that chromaffin cells exhibit an unusual pattern of down-regulation of PKC isoforms on prolonged exposure to PMA, and that there is a differential effect of exposure to PMA on the histamine and bradykinin responses, suggesting that different PLC-linked receptors in chromafin cells are differentially regulated by PKC isoforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031086.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: When acoustic startle probes are presented during picture viewing, the blink reflex is augmented for unpleasant foreground stimuli and reduced during pleasant stimuli. The present experiment assessed the hypothesis that this affect-Startle effect increases as pictures are judged to be more arousing. Eyeblinks elicited by startle probes of three different intensities were recorded while subjects viewed pictures varying in both pleasure (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant) and arousal (low, moderate, and high). Both blink potentiation during unpleasant content and blink diminution during pleasant content were clearly strongest for picture contents high in arousal. The effect was present for all probe intensities tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02114.x
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