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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6298-6303 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current filaments formed in the parameter regime of the low-temperature impurity impact ionization breakdown of p-germanium were investigated by measuring tunneling and point contact characteristics of a scanning tunneling microscope tip fixed at certain sample positions under variation of the sample voltage. The results clearly indicate that the tip current is determined by local potential variations which can be interpreted by a model for the filament taking into account the finite electric resistivity of the sample contacts. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1421-1423 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An integrated dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer has been fabricated using a YBa2Cu3O7−x–SrTiO3–YBa2Cu3O7−x multilayer process. The magnetometer consists of a 8.3 mm×8.6 mm pickup coil coupled inductively to a small washer-type SQUID with 9 Ω bicrystal junctions via an integrated 101/2-turn input coil. Using simple direct-coupled read-out electronics with additional positive feedback, a noise level of 9.7 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 kHz and 53 fT/(square root of)Hz at 1 Hz was measured inside a magnetically shielded room. Due to the low noise level biomagnetic heart and brain signals with high quality and the very weak signals of the peripheral nerve system were recorded. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geometric and functional analysis 6 (1996), S. 572-586 
    ISSN: 1420-8970
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric-type adenoma ; Intestinal-type adenoma ; p53 Expression ; Mucin expression ; Carcinogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a comparative study, the expression of p53 protein was investigated in intestinal- and gastric-type adenomas of the stomach. The former is a conventional type, which is well known to be a premalignant lesion of the stomach, but the latter is a rare, more recently noted entity. Of 28 intestinal-type adenomas, 17 (60.7%) contained more than 5% of p53 immunoreactive cells. In these adenomas, the extent of positivity for p53 protein was significantly higher in high-grade dysplasia than in low-grade dysplasia (P〈0.05), suggesting that p53 alteration plays a part in the dysplastic progression of intestinal-type adenomas. Among 18 gastric-type adenomas in which most of the tumour cells displayed gastric-type mucin, substantial expression of p53 protein was found only in the 3 tumours with high-grade dysplasia. Thus, the incidence of p53 expression was significantly higher in intestinal-type adenomas than in gastric-type adenomas (P〈0.01). These results suggest that p53 gene alteration is an earlier event in the gastric carcinogenetic sequence with the intestinal phenotype than in that with the gastric phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Persistent pulmonary hypertension ; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is thought to provide a noninvasive therapeutic alternative to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Objective Since January 1993, we have studied inhalation of NO in PPHN patients meeting the ECMO criteria of our institution. We focused on the questions of whether or not the need for ECMO could be obviated and whether differences could be found between NO responders and nonresponders. Design NO gas was delivered via conventional IPPV ventilation in incrementally increasing concentrations from 20 to 80 ppm. Patients NO therapy was attempted in ten ECMO candidates with clinical and echocardiographical evidence of PPHN (mean OI 51.9, SD 10.4). Results At various NO levels (30–60 ppm), five patients showed a significant increase in meanPaO2 (range 32.9–85.9 mmHg). Improvement was transient in three patients (6–10 h) and prolonged in two others (54–80 h); in the latter cases, ECMO was avoided. Five patients did not respond at all to treatment. Responders and nonresponders differed in their mean respiratory tidal volume (8.9 vs 4.18 ml/kg,P〈0.05). Conclusions In our study, inhalation of NO obviated the necessity of ECMO therapy in only two out of ten PPHN patients. Thus, we would discourage any overoptimistic expectations about the effectiveness of NO therapy in PPHN until larger clinical trials have been performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Inhaled nitric oxide ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Respiratory burst of neutrophils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Introduction: Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) may be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, both of the newborn and in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Up to now, serious systemic side effects have not been reported. Objective: The effect of inhaled NO on superoxide anion production by neutrophils. Design: Prospective study of a consecutive series of 15 neonates and infants. Setting: Neonatal and paediatric ICUs with a total of 17 beds (university hospital). Measurements and results: Superoxide anion production was determined by a flow cytometric method using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) as an oxidative probe after the priming of neutrophils with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or with Escherichia coli. The generated fluorescence was expressed as relative fluorescence intensity (RFI). Inhalation of NO for more than 24 h reduced the superoxide anion production by neutrophils stimulated with E. coli to below baseline values before NO inhalation (mRFI=158±25 vs 222±24; P=0.03). This decrease was more pronounced after more than 72 h (mRFI=133±17). At this time, superoxide anion production by fMLP-stimulated neutrophils was also decreased (mRFI=40±3, vs 57±5; P=0.03). The reduced capacity of superoxide production persisted throughout therapy with NO and lasted up to more than 4 days after the end of NO inhalation. Conclusion: The results suggest that inhalation of NO in patients with pulmonary hypertension causes reduced superoxide anion production by neutrophils stimulated with E. coli or with fMLP. To determine the clinical importance of this systemic side effect with respect to bacterial infections, a randomized controlled study is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Inhaled nitric oxide ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Respiratory burst of neutrophils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Introduction Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) may be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, both of the newborn and in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Up to now, serious systemic side effects have not been reported. Objective The effect of inhaled NO on superoxide anion production by neutrophils. Design Prospective study of a consecutive series of 15 neonates and infants. Setting Neonatal and paediatric ICUs with a total of 17 beds (university hospital). Measurements and results Superoxide anion production was determined by a flow cytometric method using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) as an oxidative probe after the priming of neutrophils withN-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP) or withEscherichia coli. The generated fluorescence was expressed as relative fluorescence intensity (RFI). Inhalation of NO for more than 24 h reduced the superoxide anion production by neutrophils stimulated withE. coli to below baseline values before NO inhalation (mRFI=158±25 vs 222±24;P=0.03). This decrease was more pronounced after more than 72 h (mRFI=133±17). At this time, superoxide anion production by fMLP-stimulated neutrophils was also decreased (mRFI=40±3, vs 57±5;P=0.03). The reduced capacity of superoxide production persisted throughout therapy with NO and lasted up to more than 4 days after the end of NO inhalation. Conclusion The results suggest that inhalation of NO in patients with pulmonary hypertension causes reduced superoxide anion production by neutrophils stimulated withE. coli or with fMLP. To determine the clinical importance of this systemic side effect with respect to bacterial infections, a randomized controlled study is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We studied the frequency of malformations induced in two mouse strains (Heiligenberger, C57Bl/6J) by exposure to x-rays 3 h after conception. Whereas there was a high number of malformed fetuses in Heiligenberger mice (mostly gastroschises) on day 19 of pregnancy, C57Bl did not respond to radiation exposure shortly after conception with an increased frequency of malformed fetuses. Cross-breeding of both strains revealed that no statistically significant increase in radiation-induced malformations was obtained in the F1 fetuses when the father was Heiligenberger and the mother C57Bl. In the opposite case (Heiligenberger mother, C57Bl father a small but statistically significant increase was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 35 (1996), S. 267-271 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract One-cell mouse embryos were exposed to either 3H-thymidine (100 or 200 kBq/ml) or 3H-arginine (2.5 to 50 kBq/ml) for 2 h either in G1, S or G2 phase. 3H-Arginine affected embryonic development and cell proliferation in an activity-dependent way irrespective of the cell cycle stage exposed, whereas 3H-thymidine was effective only at higher activities and only after exposure during S phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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