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  • 1995-1999  (30)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
  • 1870-1879
  • 1998  (17)
  • 1997  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [3H]Homoquinolinate Binds to a Subpopulation of NMDA Receptors and to a Novel Binding Site (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: NMDA receptors mediate several important functions in the CNS; however, little is known about the pharmacology, biochemistry, and function of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes in brain tissue. To facilitate the study of native NMDA receptor subpopulations, we have determined the radioligand binding properties of [3H]homoquinolinate, a potential subtype-selective ligand. Using quantitative receptor autoradiography, NMDA-specific [3H]homoquinolinate binding selectively labeled brain regions expressing NR2B mRNA (layers I–III of cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and septum). NMDA-specific [3H]homoquinolinate binding was low in brain regions that express NR2C and NR2D mRNA (cerebellar granular cell layer, NR2C; glomerular layer of olfactory bulb, NR2C/NR2D; and midline thalamic nuclei, NR2D). In forebrain, the pattern of NMDA-specific [3H]homoquinolinate binding paralleled NR2B and not NR2A distribution. In addition to NMDA-displaceable binding, there was a subpopulation of [3H]homoquinolinate binding sites in the forebrain, cerebellum, and choroid plexus that was not displaced by NMDA or l-glutamate. In contrast, we found that the derivative of homoquinolinate, 2-carboxy-3-carboxymethylquinoline, markedly inhibited the NMDA-insensitive binding of [3H]homoquinolinate without inhibiting the NMDA-sensitive population. [3H]Homoquinolinate may be useful for selectively characterizing NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in a preparation containing multiple receptor subtypes and for characterizing a novel binding site of unknown function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71041464.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of pain from insertion of venous cannulae; a volunteer study (1998)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pain from insertion of two small cannulae was compared in 26 volunteers. Each subject was blindfolded and had both a 22G and a 20G cannula inserted in random order. One subject was rejected as cannulation was unsuccessful. Of the remaining 25 subjects, 12 found the 22G more painful and 13 the 20G. This difference was not significant (chi squared p 〉 0.1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00331.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPLICE SITE SELECTION IN PLANT PRE-mRNA SPLICING (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49 (1998), S. 77-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this review is to highlight the unique and common features of splice site selection in plants compared with the better understood yeast and vertebrate systems. A key question in plant splicing is the role of AU sequences and how and at what stage they are involved in spliceosome assembly. Clearly, intronic U- or AU-rich and exonic GC- and AG-rich elements can influence splice site selection and splicing efficiency and are likely to bind proteins. It is becoming clear that splicing of a particular intron depends on a fine balance in the "strength" of the multiple intron signals involved in splice site selection. Individual introns contain varying strengths of signals and what is critical to splicing of one intron may be of less importance to the splicing of another. Thus, small changes to signals may severely disrupt splicing or have little or no effect depending on the overall sequence context of a specific intron/exon organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.77
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement of barley powdery mildew within field plots (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Movement of barley powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei) within fields was investigated by sowing the barley cultivars Tyra and Jupiter side by side in two field plots, and trapping spores along transects within the plots. The trapped spores were tested for virulence on the two cultivars. The epidemic on Tyra developed quickly, and a gradient in the proportion of spores with virulence on Tyra was detected in the Jupiter half-plots. In the Jupiter half-plots, the epidemic was much less severe; and no mildew could be found in one plot. Movement of spores from one half of the plot to the other usually declined steeply in the first 4 m from the boundary, and was not detectable beyond 12 m. There were exceptions where the gradient was much shallower, and these were consistent with differences in wind direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00270.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the western Irish Sea gyre influence the distribution of pelagic juvenile fish? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The western Irish Sea is an important spawning and nursery ground for many commercially exploited fish. Spawning begins in the Irish coastal regions in early spring, and moves offshore as the season develops. As a result of the onset of seasonal heating in spring, stratification isolates a dome of cold bottom winter water in the deep (〉100 m) basin of the western Irish Sea. The resultant density fields drive a cyclonic gyre which dominates the circulation of the region during late spring and summer and is characterized by anticlockwise current speeds which exceed 0.2 ms–1, after removal of tides. Surveys of pelagic juvenile (0-group) fish in 1994, 1995 and 1996, showed that they were coincident with the centre of the gyre. Physical data from 1994 and 1995, were used to describe the horizontal and vertical structure of the water column and the associated circulation regime. The behaviour and swimming speeds of pelagic juvenile fish were insufficient to explain their apparent shift in abundance away from the coast to the central western Irish Sea. Drifter and current data suggested that their entrainment into the gyre could provide both the transport and retention mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb06100.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticosteroid and thyroid responses of larval and juvenile turbot exposed to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 50 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Turbot larvae (24–590 degree C days; 2–32 days post-hatch) and juveniles (1345 degree C days; 98 days post-hatch), were exposed for 6 h to 25, 33 and 50% water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil in either static or flow-through test systems. Larvae showed generalized primary endocrine responses, identified by elevated whole body cortisol content from as early as 2 days post-hatch. In older larvae and juveniles, the response was related to the WSF concentration. This dose-response relationship was not apparent in younger and yolk-sac larvae. Whole body thyroxine content of turbot larvae exposed to the WSF of crude oil was increased, but triiodothyronine content remained stable. Aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and naphthalenes] remained constant during flow-through tests, but 65% of the initial level of BTEX hydrocarbons and 40% of the naphthalenes were lost during static exposures. Larval mortalities increased with exposure to an increasing concentration of crude oil WSF. Larval activity was significantly reduced even at the lowest WSF concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01621.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial aggregation of pathotypes of barley powdery mildew (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Aggregation in the distribution of pathotypes of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, the barley powdery mildew pathogen, was investigated in field plots of ‘Golden Promise’, ‘Proctor’ and ‘Tyra’. ‘Golden Promise’ and ‘Proctor’ have no effective mildew resistance alleles, whereas ‘Tyra’ has Mla1, which was only effective against a proportion of the mildew population. Isolates of mildew were sampled according to a grid sampling scheme and their virulence spectra ascertained in order to group them according to pathotype. The populations were very diverse, and evidence for aggregation (quantified using join counts) was found only in the ‘Tyra’ plots, at distances of up to 1m. This aggregation was reduced in a subsequent sample. The results are consistent with a model in which mildew epidemics are started by a large number of initial infections, which then form diffuse, overlapping aggregations of clones. These aggregations then become more diffuse, so that the amount of aggregation reduces with time. The greater amount of aggregation seen in the ‘Tyra’ plots might have been caused by there being less initial inoculum with virulence towards that cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-84.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arctic soils and the ITEX experiment (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The objectives of this paper are broadly to examine arctic soils and specifically to examine soil properties at ITEX sites. The Arctic is dominated by cold, wet, shallow soils often characterized by surficial organic horizons. Seven of 11 soil orders in Soil Taxonomy are present in the circumarctic and alpine zones of the ITEX Project. Soil organic matter is highly correlated to soil carbon (sink or source of atmospheric CO2), soil moisture (surficial energy balance), and soil nitrogen (plant limiting nutrient). Because of these vital roles, soil organic matter is a keystone that will influence the future response of arctic ecosystems to climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb137.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelioid sarcoma: presence of vascular-endothelial cadherin and lack of epithelial cadherin (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To evaluate the pattern of cadherin expression in epithelioid sarcoma.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsSeven epithelioid sarcomas were immunostained by a polyclonal antibody that detects all cadherin subtypes and by monoclonal antibodies that detect epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) and vascular-endothelial cadherin (VE cadherin). In addition, the tumours were immunostained for a variety of epithelial (cytokeratin, EMA, AUA1) and endothelial (Factor VIII-related antigen, CD34, CD31) markers. Tumour cells of all seven epithelioid sarcomas expressed cadherins. Surprisingly, E-cadherin was not detected in any of the sarcomas. VE-cadherin was detected in five of seven cases. All seven tumours expressed cytokeratins and EMA but none expressed AUA1. CD34 was detected in six of seven cases and CD31 was detected in a single case. No case expressed Factor VIII-related antigen.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsMost epithelioid sarcomas strongly express cadherins, a feature which may contribute to their epithelioid appearance. The absence of detectable E-cadherin suggests that epithelial differentiation in these tumours is, at most, incomplete. The expression of VE-cadherin by the majority of cases, in the absence of E-cadherin, is consistent with an element of mesenchymal differentiation, possibly endothelial or perineurial. The additional presence of other markers such as CD34 and CD31 in some cases favours endothelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00544.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonic spread of three rectally administered mesalazine (Pentasa) dosage forms in healthy volunteers as assessed by gamma scintigraphy (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Rectal administration of enemas, foams and suppositories is the most efficient method of delivering locally-acting drugs to the distal colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. Healthy volunteers provide an effective population to compare different formulations for rectal drug delivery. However, there is still only limited comparative information available on the dispersion of such dosage forms in human subjects. Therefore, the objective of this scintigraphic study was to compare colonic spread of an enema, a rectal foam and a suppository formulation in healthy volunteers. Methods: This was a randomized, crossover study in eight healthy male volunteers. Each received Pentasa rectal formulations as either a 100 mL suspension enema (1 g mesalazine), one actuation of a non-CFC propellant rectal foam (1 g mesalazine in 5 mL concentrate, expanding to 40 mL on actuation), or one suppository (1 g mesalazine) on three separate occasions. The spread of the radiolabelled formulations was assessed over a 4-h period by gamma scintigraphy. Results: The formulations were retained by all subjects for the whole of the 4-h imaging period. The enema spread to the splenic flexure in 7 out of 8 subjects, but was retained in the rectum and sigmoid colon in one individual. The foam spread as far as the descending colon in four subjects. In the remaining individuals the foam was retained in the rectum and sigmoid colon. The spread of the suppository was limited and confined to the rectum. Conclusions: The findings of this study are consistent with previous research and support the intended clinical uses of the enema, foam and suppository formulations to treat distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis and proctitis, respectively. The results highlight the potential of gamma scintigraphy in providing in vivo `proof of concept' data to help verify the targeting of pharmaceutical products to their intended site of delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00193.x
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