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Involvement of CNS cholinergic systems in alcohol drinking of P rats (1997)

KATNER, S. N. ; McBRIDE, W. J. ; LUMENG, L. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Addiction biology 2 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1369-1600

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Experiments were undertaken to determine if CNS muscarinic- and nicotinic-cholinergic receptors are involved in regulating alcohol drinking of rats from the selectively-bred alcohol-preferring P line. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) drug infusions were administered into the lateral ventricle of female P rats 15 minutes before ethanol access. The muscarinic antagonists pirenzepine and scopolamine were tested on limited access (4 hours/day) to a 10% (v/v) ethanol solution. Food and water were available ad libitum. Nicotine and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine were tested on limited access (4 hours/day) to 10% (v/v) ethanol and 0.0125% saccharin solutions. Food was available ad libitum and water was available during the remaining 20 hours. The baseline ethanol intakes ranged between an average of 3.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/4 hours and 3.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/4 hours. Administration of 40-100 m g pirenzepine (M1-selective antagonist) had no effect on ethanol, food or water consumption. However, 20-80 m g scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, dosedependently decreased ethanol intake as much as 60% (p 〈 0.05) without altering food or water consumption. The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (20-120 m g) did not alter ethanol intake, but nicotine (40-80 m g) dose-dependently decreased ethanol drinking as much as 60% within the first 30 minutes (p 〈 0.05) without an effect on saccharin intake. The results suggest that: (a), muscarinic receptors, with the possible exception of the M1 subtype, are involved in regulating alcohol drinking and (b), activation of nicotinic receptors can reduce alcohol drinking of the P line of rats.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219772769

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Alkali corrosion resistant coatings for Si3N4 ceramics (1997)

LI, T. K ; HIRSCHFELD, D. A ; BROWN, J. J

Springer

Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 4455-4461

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ISSN: 1573-4803

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract The use of ceramic oxide coatings on silicon nitride is one method to improve its alkali corrosion resistance. Four oxide coatings, including (Ca0.6, Mg0.4) Zr4(PO4)6 (CMZP), zirconia, mullite and alumina, were examined. These coatings were applied on Si3N4 using both sol–gel and dip coating techniques. The coated and uncoated samples were exposed to sodium molten-salt and sodium-containing atmospheres at 1000°C for 50 h. The weight loss of all the coated samples was less than that of the uncoated Si3N4 with CMZP-coated samples exhibiting the smallest weight loss. There was no decrease in the flexural strength of Si3N4 after coating with zirconia and CMZP, and a decrease in strength after coating with either mullite or alumina. After alkali exposure, the strength of the CMZP and zirconia coated samples were significantly higher than those of the mullite-coated, alumina-coated, and uncoated Si3N4. The observed behaviour is explained in terms of the microstructure and protection mechanisms.