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Scanning tunneling microscope study of the morphology of chemical vapor deposited copper films and its correlation with resistivity (1997)

Ramaswamy, Geetha ; Raychaudhuri, A. K.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3797-3807

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: In this article we report the results of the scanning tunneling microscope study of the surface morphology of copper films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition from the precursor Cu(tbaoac)2. Films (approximate)100 nm in thickness were grown by varying the reactor pressure. The images reveal the crucial role of the reactor pressure and growth rate on the morphology and grain growth of the films. Films grown at a low growth rate have a smooth surface with small well connected grains of (approximate)10–40 nm diameter with relatively lower resistivity, while films grown at higher growth rates have rougher surfaces and larger grain sizes of (approximate)10–100 nm diameter with poor connectivity that leads to higher resistivity. The correlation of the morphology with resistivity (ρ) and the temperature dependence of ρ in the range 300–4.2 K was investigated. Comparison with the ρ of pure bulk copper shows that these films have much higher resistivities. A large part of the high resistivity at room temperature arises from an enhanced temperature dependent part of ρ and is not due to an enhancement of the residual resistivity alone. The films exhibit deviations from Matthiessen's rule. From a semi-quantitative analysis of the data using existing theories we could assign the large ρ as well as the temperature dependence of ρ to grain boundary scattering and surface scattering. However, for T〉50 K we find that an extra temperature dependent ρ term which may be related to enhancement of electron-phonon interactions by the rough film surface is required. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365742

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Inhibition of LTB4 biosynthesis in situ by CGS 23885, a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, correlates with its pleural fluid concentrations in an experimentally induced rat pleurisy model (1997)

Raychaudhuri, A. ; Chertock, Herbert ; Chovan, James ; [et al.]

Springer

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 355 (1997), S. 470-474

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ISSN: 1432-1912

Keywords: Key words CGS 23885 (HPLC) ; Carrageenan pleurisy ; (Rat) ; Calcium ionophore (A23187) ; LTB4 ; LTC4/D4/E4 ; PGE2 ; TXB2

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract An intrapleural injection of carrageenan in rats induced LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4 biosynthesis, exudate formation, and cellular influx in the pleural cavity. An injection of calcium ionophore (A23187, 100nmol) 16–18h after carrageenan injection augmented leukotriene biosynthesis and exudate formation, but not cellular influx. The carrageenan-induced pleurisy model modifid by A23187 administration was used to study the oral effect of CGS 23885 (N-hydroxy-N-[(6-phenoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl)-methyl]urea), a potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, on inflammatory parameters. CGS 23885 dose-dependently (1 to 30mg/kg) inhibited the enhanced LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4 (1 to 10mg/kg) biosynthesis, but had no effect on enhanced exudate formation. An inhibitory effect of CGS 23885 of small magnitude on cellular influx due to carrageenan stimulation was seen at 30mg/kg. The concentrations of CGS 23885 in the pleural fluid were dose-related, and a positive correlation (r 2=0.989) between pleural fluid concentration of LTB4 and CGS 23885 was observed. The results confirm that CGS 23885 is a specific, orally active 5-LO inhibitor which can achieve concentrations in the pleural cavity sufficient to inhibit production of LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4 in an ongoing inflammatory response.