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  • 1995-1999  (80)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1945-1949
  • 1930-1934
  • 1997  (80)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A minor groove binding track in reverse transcriptase (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 4 (1997), S. 194-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Proteins that bind with high affinity to specific DNA sequences often do so through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the DNA major groove and defined protein structural elements, such as helix-turn-helix motifs, β-ribbon recognition elements and Zn-binding domains1. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0397-194
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic Estrogen Replacement Inhibits Aortic Intimal Hyperplasia Independent of Serum Lipids (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 12 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of estrogens in providing atheroprotection has been well documented in both epidemiologic and experimental studies. This phenomenon has traditionally been attributed to the beneficial lipid-modifying effects of estrogens. Yet lipid alterations may not be the sole mechanism of estrogen-mediated cardiovascular protection. Previous studies have utilized models of either diet- or injury-induced atherosclerosis. As such, the interrelationship between estrogens, lipids, and atherosclerosis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ovariectomy with or without estrogen replacement on the development of aortic intimal hyperplasia. Although we acknowledge the influence of estrogens on the lipid profile, we hypothesized that estrogens are atheroprotective independent of changes in serum lipids. Twelve Warhill ewes (7–11 years old) were randomized to sham (2 sheep) operation, ovariectomy (OVx-5 sheep), or ovariectomy with 17β-estradiol replacement (OVxE-5 sheep). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured at 0, 6, and 12 months. Necropsy was performed at 6 and 12 months with histologic morphometric analysis of the aortoiliac bifurcation. Ovariectomy resulted in intimal thickening in comparison to the sham (p 〈 0.0001) and hormone replacement group (p 〈 0.0001). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar and normal (40–60 mg/dl) among all groups. Estradiol abrogates aortic intimal hyperplasia following ovariectomy independent of the hormone's effects on lipid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1997.tb00130.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Port-Access Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Canine Feasibility Study (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 12 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To extend the applications of minimal access cardiac surgery, an endovascular cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system that allows cardioplegia delivery and cardiac venting was used to perform bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) bypass grafting in six dogs. Methods: The left IMA (LIMA) was taken down thoracoscopically from three left lateral chest ports, followed by the right IMA (RIMA) from the right side. One left-sided port was extended medially 5 cm with or without rib resection, to expose the pericardium. Both IMAs were divided and exteriorized through the left anterior mediastinotomy. Flow and pedicle length were satisfactory in all cases. Femoral-femoral bypass was used and the heart arrested with antegrade delivery of cardioplegic solution via the central lumen of a balloon catheter inflated to occlude the ascending aorta. All anastomoses were made through the mediastinotomy under direct vision. In five studies the RIMA was attached to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the LIMA to the circumflex, and in one study the RIMA was tunneled through the transverse sinus to the circumflex and the LIMA was anastomosed to the LAD. All animals were weaned from CPB in sinus rhythm without inotropes. CPB duration was 108 ± 27 minutes (mean ± SD) and the clamp duration was 54 ± 10 minutes. Results: Preoperative and postoperative cardiac outputs were 2.9 ± 0.71/min and 2.4 ± 0.31/min, respectively (p = NS), and corresponding pulmonary artery occlusion pressures were 6 ± 3 mmHg and 7 ± 2 mmHg, respectively (p = NS). All 12 grafts were demonstrated to be fully patent. Postmortem examination revealed well aligned pedicles and correctly grafted target vessels. Conclusion: This canine model demonstrates the potential for a less invasive approach to the surgical management of left main coronary artery disease in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1997.tb00081.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragment rotational distributions from the dissociation of NeBr2: Experimental and classical trajectory studies (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 5454-5467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Br2 fragment rotational distributions that result from the vibrational predissociation of NeBr2 in the B electronic state have been measured for several initial vibrational levels. In each case, the rotational distributions extend to the effective energetic limit determined by the amount of energy available (Eavl) for disposal into the fragment rotational and translational degrees of freedom. Analysis of the data allows refinement of the NeBr2 dissociation energy; we find that D0=70.0±1.1 cm−1 for the X electronic state, v=0. Both Δv=−1 and −2 dissociation events have been examined. For dissociation pathways with approximately the same value of Eavl the Δv=−2 pathways are observed to have a higher fraction of the fragment energy in rotational excitation. The overall shape of the Δv=−1 distributions are insensitive to the value of Eavl, suggesting that a Franck–Condon model for the dissociation may have some validity, though quantitative quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate that this model does not reproduce the large degree of fragment rotational excitation. Two classical models for the dissociation also fail to reproduce the extent of fragment rotational distribution. This result is discussed in light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations, focusing on the apparent agreement of classical models with the IBr fragment rotational distributions that result from the dissociation of NeIBr. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Construct of Mental Disorder (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Bergner expresses well the fundamental issues and principal difficulties in defining the construct of mental disorder. However, it is unlikely that the definition by Ossorio that Bergner advocates will prove to be any more successful than prior efforts. Discussed briefly within this commentary are three issues: (a) the absence of an operational definition for a theoretical construct, (b) the absence of a distinct boundary either with physical disorders or with normality for the construct of mental disorder, and (c) the impact of values and culture. These issues are fundamental and substantial. Nevertheless, it is argued that the construct of mental disorder (as an involuntary organismic impairment in psychological functioning) does have substantial validity as a scientific construct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00115.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled morphology of biologically derived metal nanopatterns (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1264-1266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the ability to control the morphology of nanometer thick Ti oxide films that were created via a parallel nanofabrication process using a two-dimensional protein crystal as a template. Atomic force microscopy was used to examine the evolution of these structures from a periodic array of nanometer-scale dots (nanodots) to a screen containing a periodic array of nanometer-scale holes (nanoscreen) as the film thickness was increased. A Monte Carlo solid-on-solid simulation was then developed to explain the thickness dependence of the morphology as the metal film self-organizes into these nanopatterns. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119868
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SENSITWITY ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A simulation analysis of contaminated sediment transport involves model selection, data collection, model calibration and verification, and evaluation of uncertainty in the results. Sensitivity analyses provide information to address these issues at several stages of the investigation. A sensitivity analysis of simulated contaminated sediment transport is used to identify the most sensitive output variables and the parameters most responsible for the output variable sensitivity. The output variables included are streamflow and the flux of sediment and Cs137. The sensitivities of these variables are measured at the field and intermediate scales, for flood and normal flow conditions, using the HSPF computer model. A sensitivity index was used to summarize and compare the results of a large number of output variables and parameters. An extensive database was developed to calibrate the model and conduct the sensitivity analysis on a 6.2 mi2 catchment in eastern Tennessee. The fluxes of sediment and Cs137 were more sensitive than streamflow to changes in parameters for both flood and normal flow conditions. The relative significance of specific parameters on output variable sensitivity varied according to the type of flow condition and the location in the catchment. An implications section illustrates how sensitivity analysis results can help with model selection, planning data collection, calibration, and uncertainty analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03512.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Berlin Crisis and the Cold War (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Diplomatic history 21 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-7709
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: History , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7709.00059
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentoxifylline reduces the formation of sunburn cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 6 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) B light results in the formation of apoptotic keratinocyles called sunburn cells (SC). Although generation of SC appears to be one of the most characteristic features of UV-induced skin damage and has been a well-known phenomenon for a long time, the mechanisms involved are not quite clear. Recently, it was demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) appears to be involved in the formation of SC since neutralization of TNFα both in vitro and in vivo reduced UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative suppressing the release of TNFα. Therefore, we studied whether PTX is able to prevent the formation of SC. Addition of PTX to UVB-exposed HaCaT cells reduced DNA-fragmentation as examined by nick translation evaluated by floweytometry. To prove whether PTX also reduces UVB-induced apoptosis in vivo. BALB/c mice were exposed to UVB on their abdomens, skin biopsies performed 24 h later and SC counted. A single dose of 2000 J/m2 caused a significant induction of SC which were remarkably reduced when PTX was injected intraperitoneally 3 h before and 12 h after UVB exposure. In summary, the data demonstrate that PTX can reduce the formation of SC both in vitro and in vivo and thus further support that TNFα is involved in UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00138.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the conformation of non-adsorbing polymers in colloidal suspensions (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 7502-7511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper investigates the interaction of dilute polymer solution with a colloidal suspensions. The object of consideration is the effective monomer–monomer potential between different polymer pieces. Unlike in the current polymer literature the effective potential is calculated beyond the pseudo potential approximation, i.e., detailed effects of the colloidal liquid is taken into account. It is shown that the effective potential can be used to discuss the stability of the three component system, polymer chains, good solvent, and colloidal particles. The latter are approximated as hard spheres. Two regimes are found: The polymer chains are collapsed (as a function of the packing fraction of the colloids), if the size of the polymer is much larger compared to the colloids. This corresponds to the unstable regime. If the polymer chains are smaller, it is shown that the depletion effect dominates the physical behavior and the solution is stable. Detailed criteria are worked out in the form of an eigenvalue equation for the interactions and conformations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474990
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