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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 241-243 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Haber and Moore reply-We do not yet know how a specific segment of Tyl can be captured at the sites of double-strand breaks, and the suggestion by Lauermann provides one plausible explanation of the source of the putative cDNA segment. But we feel that the details of the events that we ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1997), S. 436-441 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The acute and chronic toxicity of azinphos-methyl (Guthion) was evaluated for two estuarine species in the laboratory. Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were selected as the representative invertebrate and vertebrate estuarine test species, respectively. The toxicological endpoints determined for each species included the 96-h LC50, the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC), and the acute-to-chronic ratio. The 96-h LC50 value derived for sheepshead minnows (2.0 μg/L) was seven times higher than the 96-h LC50 value (0.29 μg/L) derived for mysids. The MATCs were 0.024 μg/L and 0.24 μg/L for the mysid and the sheepshead minnow, respectively. The estimated acute-to-chronic ratios were 12 for mysids and 8.3 for sheepshead minnows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Fucosylated N-linked glycans are important constituents of membrane glycoproteins, owing to their significance as biologically active ligands for several selectins and their role in modulating protein conformation of viral glycoproteins. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein contains more than 30 different glycan structures but so far fucose was found associated solely with the innermost GlcNAc of N-linked glycans. In the present report we determined whether fucose units also were linked to the distal GlcNAc via α(1–3) or α(1–4) linkages in N-linked glycans of gp 120. [3H]-fucose labelled gp 120 was subjected to endoglycosidase F digestion, releasing diantennary complex type N-linked glycans, but leaving the inner polypeptide-bound carbohydrates, GlcNAc and possibly associated fucose units, intact. Gel filtration of the digested material revealed that [3H]-fucose label was released from gp 120 by this treatment, indicating presence of peripheral fucose units. Furthermore, [3H]-focuse label was also released by treatment of the labelled gp 120 with an α-L-fucosidase specifically removing fucose in α(1–3) and α(1–4) linkages. Altogether the results indicated presence of fucose units linked to peripheral GlcNAc of gp 120 N-linked glycans. We have earlier shown that other peripheral carbohydrate determinants, i.e. β(1–4)-galactose on N-linked glycans, maintain a correct antigenic conformation of gp 120. Using a coupled ELISA system, where changes in antigenic behaviour of a viral glycoprotein were correlated to stepwise elimination of peripheral monosaccharides from N-linked glycans, we found that treatment of gp 120 with a pan-specific α-fucosidase as well as an enzyme specific for α(1–3)- or α(1–4)-linked fucose disclosed a hidden linear epitope situated in the gp 120 C2 region. The effects of the general fucosidase on epitope exposure was more prominent than those obtained with the enzyme with narrow specificity, suggesting that peripheral and inner fucose units co-operate in the maintenance of gp 120 conformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 1216-1217 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy — Pregnancy — Appendectomy — Cholecystectomy — Twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Laparoscopic procedures are being performed during pregnancy with increasing frequency; however, few first-trimester operations have been published. Two first-trimester procedures are here reported, both performed with uneventful recoveries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 1571-1579 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: HYDROGEN SULFIDE ; BUTYRATE OXIDATION ; AMINO SALICYLIC ACID ; ULCERATIVE COLITIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A role for colonic sulfide in the pathogenesisand treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) has emergedbased on biochemical, microbiological, nutritional,toxicological, epidemiological, and therapeuticevidence. Metabolism of isolated colonic epithelial cellshas indicated that the bacterial short-chain fatty acidn-butyrate maintains the epithelial barrier and thatsulfides can inhibit oxidation of n-butyrate analogous to that observed in active UC. Sulfurfor fermentation in the colon is essential forn-butyrate formation and sulfidogenesis aids disposal ofcolonic hydrogen produced by bacteria. The numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfidogenesisis greater in UC than control cases. Sulfide is mainlydetoxified by methylation in colonic epithelial cellsand circulating red blood cells. The enzyme activity of sulfide methylation is higher in red bloodcells of UC patients than control cases. Patients withUC ingest more protein and thereby sulfur amino acidsthan control subjects. Removing foods rich in sulfur amino acids (milk, eggs, cheese) has proventherapeutic benefits in UC. 5-Amino salicylic acidreduces fermentative production of hydrogen sulfide bycolonic bacteria, and aminoglycosides, which inhibit sulfate-reducing bacteria, are of therapeuticbenefit in active UC. Methyl-donating agents are acategory of drugs of potential therapeutic use in UC. Acorrelation between sulfide production and mucosal immune responses in UC needs to be undertaken.Control of sulfidogenesis and sulfide detoxification maybe important in the disease process of UC, althoughwhether their roles is in an initiating or promoting capacity has yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Enaminonitrile ; rotational barrier ; push-pull olefin ; total line-shape analysis ; DNMR6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Rotational isomerism in enaminonitriles was studied using dynamic NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. It was found that the barrier to rotation about Cvinyl-NH bond was higher for enaminonitriles derived from aliphatic amines than that of enaminonitriles derived from aromatic amines. It was also found that the rotational isomerism about the Car-Cvinyl bond also exists in enaminonitriles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Structural chemistry 8 (1997), S. 13-19 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Enaminonitrile ; CHELPG ; potential-derived charges ; PROAIM ; rotational barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ab initio quantum mechanical techniques were used together with PROAIM electron density partitioning and CHELPG electrostatic potential analysis to examine the charge density distribution of model enaminonitrile1 in its planar ground state and in its two rotational transition states. The barrier to rotation about the C-N bond was calculated to be 15.4 and 15.6 kcal/mole for the two rotational transition states at the HF/6-31G** level of theory, and was found to originate from a redistribution of electronic kinetic energy between the amino group and the rest of the molecule in a manner similar to that found for formamide and sulfonamide. Similarly, the C-N bond length and amino group electron population were found to depend upon the C-N torsional angle. Electrostatically derived atomic point charges were also examined at each stationary point using the CHELPG program. CHELPG electrostatic potential results were found to represent the traditional “external” viewpoint of the charge density consistent with a resonance model, while the results from PROAIM calculations were found to describe the underlying charge density and kinetic energy density redistribution responsible for the rotational barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Group decision and negotiation 6 (1997), S. 139-158 
    ISSN: 1572-9907
    Keywords: Preference theory ; experimental information acquisition ; combinatorics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates strategies for the acquisition of consumer preference information by a market researcher. Such preference information is obtained by the market researcher through an experimental process that entails polling consumers about their preference profiles with a view to completely specifying the preference order. In this paper, we limit the focus to one or two consumers. In this environment, the experiments are pairwise comparisons between resource bundles about which there is no a-priori preference information. Each such experiment can have three possible signals: one bundle is more preferred, indifferent, or less preferred over another. Choice of an experiment in the experimental sequence is important because different choices result in different average amounts of information. For the analysis the paper establishes a link between preference theory and lattice path counting. Combinatorial arguments that allow the market researcher to calculate quantities of information at the start of the information acquisition process are presented. A recursion for finding the impact of choosing different experiments on the average values of information gain is constructed. The paper studies how the experiments chosen subsequently can affect the elimination of other experiments from the experimental set and thus have an effect on the efficiency of information acquisition. The measures derived could be used by the market researcher as a benchmark with which to compare information gathering strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words  Cold hardiness  ;  Inoculative freezing  ;   Insect overwintering  ;  Microenvironment  ; Moisture relations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation examined the influence of soil moisture and associated parameters on the cold hardiness of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), a temperate-zone species that overwinters in terrestrial burrows. The body mass and water content of adult beetles kept in sand at 4 °C varied over a 16-week period of diapause according to the substratum's moisture content. Changes in body water content, in turn, influenced the crystallization temperature (range −3.3 to −18.4 °C; n = 417), indicating that environmental moisture indirectly determined supercooling capacity, a measure of physiological cold hardiness. Beetles held in dry sand readily tolerated a 24-h exposure to temperatures ranging from 0° to −5 °C, but those chilled in sand containing as little as 1.7% water (dry mass) had elevated mortality. Thus, burrowing in dry soils not only promotes supercooling via its effect on water balance, but may also inhibit inoculative freezing. Mortality of beetles exposed to −5 °C for 24 h was lower in substrates composed of sand, clay and/or peat (36–52%) than in pure silica sand (78%) having an identical water content (17.0% dry mass). In addition to moisture, the texture, structure, water potential, and other physico-chemical attributes of soil may strongly influence the cold hardiness and overwintering survival of burrowing insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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