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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1997  (2)
  • Chick embryo  (1)
  • Engineering  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions ; Chick embryo ; Homeobox-containing gene ; Facial morphogenesis ; Facial defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Spatially-restricted expression domains of Msx 1 and Msx 2 in the developing chick face suggest that they may play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions governing outgrowth of facial primordia. Retinoid application to developing chick faces reproducibly inhibits upper beak outgrowth but the lower beak is unaffected. In the normal face, high levels of Msx gene transcripts in upper and lower beak primordia correlate with regions of outgrowth. Following retinoid treatment, Msx 1 and Msx 2 transcripts are rapidly down-regulated in upper beak primordia where outgrowth is inhibited, but remain largely unchanged in lower beak primordia, where outgrowth is unaffected. Decreases in gene expression precede retinoid-induced morphological changes in the upper beak, suggesting that Msx gene products are involved in mediating the effect of retinoids on facial development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 1639-1665 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: layered media ; stress wave propagation ; integral transform ; propagation zone ; attenuation zone ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Axisymmetric stress wave transmission through the leading layers of layered structures of infinite radial but finite axial extent is numerically studied by employing two different computational approaches: a technique based on the numerical inversion of Double Integral Transformations (DIT), and a Finite Element (FE) analysis. Considering the first approach, careful selections of the limits of the numerical inversions and the sampling rates are required in order to overcome inherent numerical instabilities associated with exponential dichotomy. This type of numerical instability is more evident in layered media with weak coupling. In such systems, direct multiplications of layer transfer matrices are avoided by employing a global scheme to assemble well-conditioned global transfer matrices. Moreover, the specific structure of the propagation and attenuation zones of the structure are taken into account for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the transfer matrix manipulations. Satisfactory agreement between the DIT and FE numerical results is observed, at least for early times. Close to the region of application of the external pressure, the FE simulations suffer from the discretization of the applied load, node-to-node oscillations and reflections from ‘infinite’ elements (‘silent boundaries’). Using the aforementioned numerical techniques, transient wave transmission in two-layered systems (one with weak and one with strong interlayer coupling) is considered, and the effects of weak coupling on the wave transmission is studied. We show that at early times, weak coupling results in stress localization in the region close to the applied pressure, a result which can have potential application in the use of layered media as shock isolators. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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