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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1997  (6)
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  • 1995-1999  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force and scanning electron microscopic observations of surface and domain structures of BaTiO3 films and bulk crystals (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 1486-1488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tapping-mode atomic force and in situ scanning electron microscopic observations of surface and ferroelectric domain structures are performed, respectively, for BaTiO3 crystalline films grown on {100}SrTiO3 substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and for bulk crystals prepared by the top-seeded solution growth technique. Reconstructionlike structures of very long periods are found for the first time in both thin (20 nm) and thick (1000 nm) films. A dependence of the end size of pole-type 180° domains observed in films and bulk crystals on their thickness agrees with the relation expected theoretically. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119944
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigmented renal cell carcinoma: accumulation of abnormal lysosomal granules (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 31 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Five cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with abnormal pigmentation have been examined by histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Methods and results: Compared with conventional RCCs, there was no difference in histological findings of each case, except for the presence of pigmented cells. In three cases, tumour cells possessing various sized brown granules with neuromelanin-like features were scattered throughout the tumour. The granules observed in one of the others were angulated lysosomes and in another tumour cells in the pigmented areas possessed the granules closely resembling those of granular cell tumour. However, melanosome or neurosecretory granules could not be detected in any of the cases examined. In three cases, some of these abnormal granules showed a weak acid phosphatase activity. On immunohistochemical examination, tumour cells showed a positive immunoreaction for epithelial markers and lacked any antigens suggesting neuroectodermal or neuroendocrine differentiation. The granules in three cases were faintly positive for lysozyme and KP-1. Conclusions: These findings indicate that abnormal pigmentation of RCCs examined in this study is attributed to accumulation of abnormal lysosomal granules in the neoplastic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.5850822.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic algorithms with age structure (1997)
    Springer
    Soft computing 1 (1997), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7479
    Keywords: Key words Genetic Algorithm ; Age Structure ; Optimization ; Knapsack Problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract  This paper deals with genetic algorithms with age structure. Evolutionary optimization methods have been successfully applied to complex optimization problems, but the evolutionary optimization methods have a problem of bias in candidate solutions due to genetic drift in search. To solve this problem, we propose the introduction of age structure into genetic algorithms as a simple extension. In nature, an individual is removed from a population when the individual reaches lethal age. Therefore, genetic algorithms with age structure (ASGA) can maintain the genetic diversity of a population by removing aged individuals from the population. First, we conduct simple simulations of two subpopulations considering the age structure. Next, we apply the ASGA to a kanapsack problem. Finally, we discuss the optimal parameters for the age structure of the ASGA. These simulation results indicate that the ASGA can control selection pressure by aging process and relatively maintain the genetic diversity of a population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005000050017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single crystals of RAlO3 (R: Dy, Ho and Er) for use in magnetic refrigeration between 4.2 and 20 K (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 5743-5747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of RAlO3 (R: Dy, Ho and Er) were grown using the Czochralski technique. The magnetization of the single crystals along the a-, b- and c-axes was measured in the paramagnetic region using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Using these values of the magnetization, the magnetic entropy change, which depends on the crystal axis direction, was calculated. Single crystals of DyAlO3 oriented along the b-axis and c-axis oriented ErAlO3 single crystals are promising materials for use in magnetic refrigeration systems using the Carnot cycle in the temperature range between 4.2 and 20 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018669717916
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity and surface tension change in BaB2O4 melt by substitution of Al or Ga for B (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 911-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018540222110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of trace elements in a silicon single crystal (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 216 (1997), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied to the determination of trace impurity elements in a silicon single crystal. Impurity concentrations in polysilicon melt were compared with those in a single crystal. Impurity concentrations in artificial quartz were also compared with those in natural quartz. Segregation coefficients in Au, Ir and Sb were determined at different concentrations. The segregation coefficient of an element in a silicon single crystal is constant over a critical concentration, it becomes larger gradually under the critical one, and at last it becomes larger than 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033773
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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