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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of fine pearlite interlamellar spacing by atomic force microscopy (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 1005-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Pearlite interlamellar spacing is an important parameter controlling ductility and strain hardening of carbon steels. Fine pearlite is the appropriate initial microstructure for drawing high carbon steel with exponential strain hardening rate, leading to high final tensile strengths. The majority of optical and electron microscopy methods for measuring interlamellar spacing present difficulties when applied to fine microstructures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate pearlitic steels lead patented at 510 °C and then cold drawn to 86% reduction in area. Conventional specimen preparation techniques for optical metallography were appropriated to produce high resolution AFM images, on which measurements of minimum interlamellar spacing, in good agreement with spacings estimated using the Embury–Fisher model, were easily performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018526305659
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal Handling and Environmental Enrichment Effects on Emotionality, Novelty/Reward Seeking, and Age-Related Cognitive and Hippocampal Impairments: Focus on the Roman Rat Lines (1997)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 27 (1997), S. 513-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Roman high- and low-avoidance rats ; reactivity to stress ; anxiety ; novelty/reward seeking ; neonatal handling ; enriched environment ; age-related deficit ; spatial learning ; hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Roman high- and low-avoidance (RHA/Verh and RLA/Verh) rats are selected and bred for extreme divergence in two-way active avoidance acquisition. In addition, compared to RLA/Verh rats, RHA/Verh rats are (behaviorally and physiologically) less anxious or reactive to stressors, show increased novelty (sensation)-seeking behavior as well as a higher preference for rewarding substances, and are usually less efficient in learning tasks not involving shock administration. The present article reviews evidence showing that neonatal handling and/or environmental enrichment leads to enduring effects (their magnitude frequently depending upon the rat line) on those behaviors. For example, it has been found that neonatal handling reduces most of the (behavioral and physiological) signs of emotionality/anxiety in RLA/Verh rats, while environmental enrichment increases their novelty seeking (also the case with RHA/Verh rats), saccharin and ethanol intake, and sensitivity to amphetamine. Finally, initial results (currently being further elaborated upon) support a preventive action of both environmental treatments on age-related impairments in learning a spatial, water maze task as well as on hippocampal neuronal atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021400830503
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunocytochemical study of encephalic photoreceptors in three species of lamprey (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 288 (1997), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Arrestin ; CSF-contacting neurons ; Deep brain photoreceptors ; Extraretinal photoreceptors ; Opsin ; Parapineal ; Pineal ; Photoreceptors ; S-antigen ; Transducin ; Petromyzon marinus ; Lampetra fluviatilis ; Ichthymyzon uricuspis (Lyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The extraretinal and extrapineal photoreceptors of three species of adult lamprey, sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and silver lamprey (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis) were studied using antibodies raised against photoreceptor rod and cone opsins, α-transducin and arrestin. In all three species cells in the pineal organ (P), parapineal organ (PP), nucleus preopticus (T5), nucleus commissurae postopticae (D8), nucleus ventralis hypothalami (D10) and nucleus dorsalis hypothalami (D11) were labelled by one or more of the anti-opsin antibodies. In addition, anti-arrestin antibodies labelled cells within the D8 and anti-α-transducin antibodies labelled cells within the pineal complex and hypothalamus (primarily D8 and/or D10). A more variable and species dependent pattern of opsin, arrestin and α-transducin labelling was observed within the nucleus commissurae postinfundibularis (D12) in an area comprising the nucleus dorsalis thalami pars subhabenularis (D4sh) and nucleus dorsalis thalami pars caudalis/nucleus commissurae posterioris (D4c/M1), and in the proximity of the second Müller cells in the ventrocaudal diencephalon (2.MZ/M6). The majority of the neurons labelled within the pineal and parapineal organs and hypothalamus were periventricular with clear cerebrospinal fluid contacts (CSF-contacting neurons). Labelled neurons in the epithalamic (D4sh and D4c/M1) and caudal diencephalon (2.MZ/M6) had no obvious ventricular contacts. We speculate that the ”primitive” vertebrate brain of lampreys represents an ancestral condition in which different populations of encephalic photoreceptors are associated with different behavioural and physiological responses. Image-forming vision needs an eye, but irradiance detection does not require a specialised organ. Rather the photoreceptors could be closely associated with their effector systems within the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050812
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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