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ZnS:Tm grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with Cl codoping (1997)

Kato, Akira ; Katayama, Masayuki ; Mizutani, Atsushi ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 445-450

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: ZnS:Tm and ZnS:Tm,Cl thin films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), using diethylzinc, H2S, Tm(thd)3 (thd=2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione), and HCl. The ZnS:Tm did not contain oxygen which might be introduced through the thd-radical. It thus has only codopant-free Tm3+ luminescent centers probably associated with native defects. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the ZnS:Tm,Cl showed three satellite emission lines in addition to the original emission of the ZnS:Tm, indicating the existence of Tm–Cl complex centers. In contrast, the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the ZnS:Tm,Cl under host excitation showed no discernible satellite emission lines. Hence, though the Tm ions in the Tm–Cl complex centers are expected to be charge compensated by Cl or a certain Cl-induced defect, they are rather inactive in the PL excitation while active in the EL excitation. The same properties were observed for the MOCVD-grown ZnS:Sm and ZnS:Sm,Cl [A. Kato, M. Katayama, A. Mizutani, N. Ito, and T. Hattori, J. Appl. Phys. 77, 4616 (1995)], and therefore they probably occur for other rare-earth luminescent centers with Cl codopant. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364078

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Airway troubles related to the double-lumen endobronchial tube in thoracic surgery (1997)

Taguchi, Hitoshi ; Yamada, Koh ; Matsumoto, Hideo ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of anesthesia 11 (1997), S. 173-178

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ISSN: 1438-8359

Keywords: Double-lumen tube ; Complications ; Tube troubles ; Airway obstruction ; One-lung ventilation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Purpose Several case reports indicate critical respiratory complications in relation to the double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). A prospective survey for the airway problems in using the DLT is presented. Methods One hundred adult patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung cancer were investigated. Tube malposition and airway obstruction were searched using a fiber-optic scope. The endobronchial cuff was positioned just below the trachcal carina while the trachea was intubated with a DLT (Rüsch). The distances of displacement, from the tracheal carina to the bronchial cuff, were measured during anesthesia using an epidural catheter, which had marks every 5 mm. The distances for correcting the tube position were measured at both the bronchial cuff and the level of the teethPaO2,PaCO2 andSPO2 were also measured. Results Malposition (displacement over 5 mm from the correct position) was found in 42 patients, and 40 of them were in a withdrawal direction, occurring at the postural change and during one-lung ventilation, especially during manipulation of the lung hilum. Correcting distances at the level of the teeth were 15.3–3-times longer than those at the bronchial cuff. Airway deformities and gradual withdrawal of the bronchial cuff were found in association with surgical manipulation. Obstruction occurred at the tips of the tracheal tube in four patients and the bronchial tube in six patients, and at the tip of both in two patients. Hypoxemia (PaO2〈60 mmHg) occurred in four patients and hypercapnea (PaCO2〉60 mm Hg) in two patients. Conclusion Most of the DLT obstructions were associated with withdrawal malposition. Great attention to DLT displacement and airway deformity is advised.