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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetohydrodynamic simulation on co- and counter-helicity merging of spheromaks and driven magnetic reconnection (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1297-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A magnetohydrodynamic relaxation process of spheromak merging is studied by means of an axisymmetric numerical simulation. As a result of counter-helicity merging, a field-reversed configuration is obtained in the final state, while a larger spheromak is formed after co-helicity merging. In the counter-helicity case, a clear pressure profile of which iso-surfaces coincide with flux surfaces is generated by thermal transport of a poloidal flow induced by driven reconnection. It is also found that a sharp pressure gradient formed in the vicinity of a reconnection point causes a bouncing motion of spheromaks. According to the bounce motion, the reconnection rate changes repeatedly. As shown by the Tokyo University Spherical Torus No. 3 (TS-3) experiments [M. Yamada, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 721 (1990)], furthermore, strong acceleration of a toroidal flow and reversal of a toroidal field in the counter-helicity merging were observed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation-dependent Ga surface diffusion in molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs on GaAs patterned substrates (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7273-7281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Generation of extra facets on ridge-type triangles with (001)-, (110)-, and (201)-related equivalent slopes on GaAs (111) A substrates and stripes running in the [1¯10], [110], and [100] directions on (001) substrates during molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs/AlGaAs multilayers was investigated. By investigating local variation in layer thickness in the regions adjacent to extra (114)A, (110), and (1¯1¯1¯)B facets common to the (111)A and (001) patterned substrates and extra facets specific to the respective substrates and growth rates of the facets relative to the growth rate on the substrate plane, the orientation-dependent Ga surface diffusion length, λGa, was elucidated as λGa(001)(approximate)λGa(1¯1¯3¯)B〈{λGa(1¯1¯1 ¯)B,λGa(3¯3¯1¯)B,λGa(013),λGa(113)A}〈λGa(159)(approximate)λGa(114)A(approximate)λGa(111)A〈λGa(110). That is, λGa increases in the order of the (001), (1¯1¯1¯)B-related, (111)A-related, and (110) surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365548
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Orientation-dependent Ga surface diffusion in molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs on GaAs patterned substrates" [J. Appl. Phys. 81, 7273 (1997)] (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4698-4698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366553
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal complex polymer for second harmonic generation and electroluminescence applications (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1503-1505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the second harmonic generation and electroluminescent (EL) properties of a soluble metal complex polyurethane (PU). The PU was prepared by the reaction of a zinc Schiff base with 4,4′-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate. The polymer film has been effectively poled under a corona field and its linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were characterized. The results indicated that the NLO effects of the polymer are mainly originated in the distorted coordination tetragonals formed by the central zinc atoms and coordination atoms. The polymer shows strong photoluminescence under a ultraviolet-lamp illumination and can be used as a luminescent material for EL devices. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118366
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel approach to electrochromism in WO3 thin film using piezoelectric ceramics for power supply (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1639-1640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrochromism was newly realized in a WO3–Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) system which utilized the piezoelectric property of PZT ceramics for power supply. The electric power produced by Mn-doped PZT ceramics enabled the WO3 film to color blue. High piezoelectricity with a peak voltage of 35 V and peak current of 1.2 mA on a 30 kΩ circuit was observed at a pressure of 30 MPa for the present system. This study shows the possibility to actuate the electrochromic WO3 film with PZT ceramics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118654
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histaminergic System in Co-cultures of Hippocampus and Posterior Hypothalamus: A Morphological and Electrophysiological Study in the Rat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus in the posterior hypothalamus diffusely project to most parts of the central nervous system, where their main transmitter, histamine, modulates the excitability of the target neurons. The development of a histaminergic hypothalamo-hippocampal pathway and its function were studied in organotypic co-cultures. lmmunocytochemistry for histidine decarboxylase, the specific synthesizing enzyme, stained clusters of neurons in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary area. lmmunolabelled varicose processes innervated the co-cultured hippocampus and established a few synaptic contacts on dendrites. Cultured tuberomammillary neurons displayed their typical membrane properties and were spontaneously active. In hippocampal pyramidal cells of the CA3 region the long-lasting afterhyperpolarization was reduced by histamine or impromidine and increased by the H2 antagonist cimetidine, but not by the H1 antagonist mepyramine. The membrane potential was depolarized in presence of an H2 agonist and hyperpolarized by an H2 antagonist. In single hippocampal cultures histamine antagonists did not affect afterhyperpolarization and membrane potential. Histaminergic neurons retain their main morphological and physiological characteristics in slice cultures and establish a functional connection with co-cultured target cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01657.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary amyloidosis complicated by systemic necrotizing arteritis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 31 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.5920827.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colorectal carcinogenesis (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. S80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal carcinogenesis ; Adenoma-carcinoma sequence ; de novo carcinoma ; Genetic alteration ; Flat adenoma ; Depressed adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: In view of the changing concept of colorectal carcinogenesis during the last 20 years, a historical review of colorectal carcinogenesis is presented. METHODS: The changing concept of colorectal carcinogenesis was presented in four different periods: 1) carcinogenesis based on surgical materials; 2) carcinogenesis based on polypectomy materials; 3) carcinogenesis based on nonpolypoid neoplasms; 4) carcinogenesis based on molecular biology. RESULTS: In the first period, large adenomas were thought to play the most important role as precursors to colorectal carcinomas; however, in the second period, smaller and nonpedunculated adenomas were found to have a much higher malignancy potential than previously thought. The discovery of nonpolypoid neoplasms, including flat and depressed adenomas/carcinomas, shed light on the new precursor of colorectal carcinomas that were not recognized in the past. Molecular biology clarified a lack of K -ras mutation in nonpolypoid, particularly depressed, neoplasms, suggesting the presence of a novel pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis, different from that in polypoid neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: The concept referred to as the “adenoma-carcinoma sequence” changed because colonoscopic polypectomy specimens were studied, and rather small, nonpedunculated adenomas were found to play an important role as precursors of colorectal carcinomas. The discovery of nonpolypoid neoplasms provides us with new precursors of colorectal carcinomas. The genetic alterations in nonpolypoid neoplasms seem to differ from those in polypoid neoplasms, and genetic alterations in so-called de novo carcinomas need to be clarified
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02062026
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalysis research at RITE (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis surveys from Japan 1 (1997), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Catalysis research at the Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) is introduced. Catalysts for chemical fixation of CO2 , selective oxidation and photo reaction which are being developed to reduce the global environmental loads are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019004308731
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N2O and NO emissions from grassland soils after the application of cattle and swine excreta (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: animal excreta ; emissions ; grassland soils ; NO ; N2O
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract N2O and NO fluxes from grassland soil after the application of cattle and swine excreta were measured by a closed chamber method in the autumn and winter of 1994 to 1995. Fresh excrement and urine were spread on the grassland experimental plots and these gas fluxes were measured one or two times a week. In the autumn experiment, N2O and NO fluxes began to increase several days after the application, the NO flux reaching a maximum after 16 days. In the winter experiment, N2O and NO fluxes began to increase 45 days after the application and reached a maximum after 80 days. Nitrous oxide flux was influenced by soil water content, high water content leading to high N2O flux. The ratio of NO-N/N2O-N in the flux was in the range of 1.1 to 13.7, and negatively correlated to the soil water content. In the winter experiment, the total emission rate of NO was 0.48% and 0.45% of total nitrogen in the applied cattle and swine excreta, respectively. The total emission rate of N2O was 0.085% and 0.098% in the applied cattle and swine excreta, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009794705731
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