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  • 1995-1999  (34)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1830-1839
  • 1999  (20)
  • 1998  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 28 (1998), S. 397-419 
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Perovskite, ferroelectric and paraelectric, thin films exhibit outstanding dielectric properties, even at high frequencies (〉1 GHz). This feature makes films such as (Ba,Sr)TiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ideally suited for a wide range of capacitor applications, particularly decoupling capacitors and tunable microwave capacitors; the latter application has been fueled by the recent explosion in wireless communications. The successful implementation of these materials as high-frequency dielectrics requires a detailed understanding of both their processing and materials properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The term „Ecstasy” includes a group of different methylenedioxyamphetamines which produce hallucinogenic activity, stimulation and the so-called ëentactogenic’ effects. –„Entactogen” is usually translated as „producing a touching within” or „creating an internal contact” and refers to the special psychotropic effect of this substances. Entactogens have been reported to make users aware of previously unconscious feelings and experiences. The „entactogenic” effect is the most typical of the psychedelic effects n 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA). MDMA induces euphoria and acts stimulating, but the most common effect of MDMA is a heightened sense of „closeness” with other people. The negative effects, especially depression and a general sense of anxiety, may endure after the acute phase of ecstasy. Ecstasy is not a novel substance. However, the rapid spread connected with the arising techno-scene and the increasing prevalence of ecstasy-use world-wide is unprecedented. Epidemiological research of the last two years provides insights going further than just showing increasing numbers in the criminal statistics (e.g. ecstasy seizures; number of ecstasy users who became conspicuous the first time). According to surveys the lifetime prevalence of ecstasy is highest in the context of the techno culture, where ecstasy is mainly taken as a recreational drug. However, there seems to be a consumer group who exhibit extreme patterns of use and a high degree of psychic dependency. These consumers may be jeopardised by medical and psychiatric complications. The complications are due to the central and peripheral serotonergic effects of ecstasy. There are also neurotoxic side effects of ecstasy clearly proven in animal models and recently, for the first time, also shown in humans. The rate of psychic dependency is surprisingly high. Possible neurotoxic effects may be irreversible. In the face of the risks and the rapid spread of ecstasy suitable primary and secondary prevention is needed. Until now this has not been accomplished by the established structures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ecstasy ist ein Sammelbegriff für verschiedene Methylendioxyamphetamine mit antriebssteigernder und halluzinogener Wirkung, die darüber hinaus eine sogenannte „entaktogene” Wirkung aufweisen. Der Begriff „entaktogen” wird als „im Inneren ein Gefühl erzeugen” oder „Herstellen einer inneren Berührung”übersetzt und charakterisiert die Wirkung psychoaktiver Stoffe, die unbewußte Gefühle und Erfahrungen wieder zugänglich machen und die Selbstreflexion fördern. Bei 3,4 Methylendioxymethamphetamin (MDMA) als Hauptvertreter dieser Gruppe steht diese entaktogene Wirkung im Vordergrund des erstrebten Rausches. Darüber hinaus erzeugt MDMA neben den auch vorhandenen antriebssteigernden und euphorisierenden Wirkungen ein Gefühl der großen Nähe zu anderen Menschen. Negative psychotrope Wirkungen können den akuten Rausch überdauern und werden vor allem in Form von depressiver Verstimmung und Angst erlebt. Ecstasy ist keine neue Substanz. Neu ist jedoch das Ausmaß und die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich Ecstasy – gekoppelt an die Verbreitung der Techno-Party-Szene – weltweit durchgesetzt hat. Epidemiologische Untersuchungen der letzten zwei Jahre vermitteln Einblicke, die über die eindrücklichen Steigerungsraten der Bundeskriminalstatistiken (Sicherstellungsmengen; Anteil an den erstauffälligen Konsumenten) hinausgehen. Die aus Repräsentativerhebungen und Erhebungen in der Technoszene ermittelte Lebenszeitprävalenz für Ecstasy bestätigen den intensiven Gebrauch vor allem in dieser Szene als sog. „Freizeitdroge”. Darüber hinaus zeichnet sich jedoch die Existenz einer Konsumentengruppe mit exzessiven Gebrauchsmustern und psychischer Abhängigkeit ab. Für diese Gruppe wird ein erhebliches Risiko hinsichtlich medizinischer oder psychiatrischer Komplikationen angenommen. Diese Komplikationen lassen sich auf zentrale und periphere serotonerge Wirkungen von Ecstasy zurückführen bzw. durch die neurotoxischen Wirkungen von Ecstasy erklären. Die Quote psychisch abhängiger Ecstasy-Konsumenten ist überraschend hoch. Die möglichen neurotoxischen Wirkungen sind eventuell irreversibel. Die Risiken und die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Ecstasy zeigen die Notwendigkeit geeigneter primär- und sekundärpräventiver Maßnahmen, die durch das herkömmliche Drogenhelfersystem bislang nur unzureichend geleistet werden konnten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 1113-1120 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: zinc–nickel electrocoatings ; characterization ; electrochemical corrosion ; residual stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc–nickel electrocoatings obtained from an industrial bath containing two additives were characterized by analysing their morphology, structure, microhardness, residual stress and corrosion resistance. Changes in deposit characteristics following the addition of saccharin were also studied. All coating, with or without saccharin, presented a good appearance, good mechanical properties and a high corrosion resistance. Moreover, by varying certain plating conditions it was observed that the deposits maintained their properties over a wide interval of experimental conditions, which suggests their suitability for use in batch bath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: aphid ; parasitoid ; Aphidius ervi ; Coccinellidae ; oviposition behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Emergency radiology 6 (1999), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Emergency radiology 6 (1999), S. 279-281 
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Keywords: Key words Face-to-face consultation – Radiology – Emergency medicine – Radiologic diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the impact of face-to-face exchange of clinical information between the radiologist and the emergency physician, a study was made of all plain films and computed tomograms (CTs) ordered in the Ohio State University Emergency Department between 11 am and 11 pm over a 4-week period. For each case, interpretations at three different times were recorded: (1) initial interpretation upon reception of the images, (2) interpretation after face-to-face discussion of clinical information with the emergency resident or attending physician, and (3) final interpretation after conferring with the attending radiologist. If any of the three interpretations differed in a given case, the case was flagged for review by a third attending radiologist to determine the clinical significance of the discrepancy. Cases which deviated from the standard model as described were excluded from the study. In total, 519 cases were ordered during the study period. Of which 231 (44.5 %) occurred in the standard order as described in the Methods section. Of these 231 cases, changes in diagnosis were observed in 31 (13 %) cases. In 12 (5.2 %) cases, the changes were judged to be clinically significant. In 19 (6 %) cases, the changes were judged to be clinically insignificant. The remaining 288 (55.5 %) cases diverged from the standard model described in our Methods section and were not included in our study. Of these, 93/519 (18 %) cases had only one interpretation because the resident radiologist, the emergency physician (resident and/or attending), and the attending radiologist were present for a single, simultaneous discussion. 77 (15 %) cases, there were only two interpretations because the initial interpretation occurred in the presence of both the resident radiologist and the emergency physician. In 69 (13 %) cases, there were two interpretations because the initial interpretation occurred in the presence of both the resident radiologist and the emergency physician. In 49 (9 %) cases, no face-to-face exchange between the resident radiologist and the emergency physician was recorded. Our data suggest that teleradiology's lack of face-to-face communication between the radiologist and the emergency physician may have an impact on the radiologic diagnosis, but only infrequently. Information contained in the images and the limited clinical history on the consult sheet appear to be sufficient for most purposes of radiologic interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1998), S. 51-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrous oxide ; Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Soil cores ; Acetylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions via the nitrification (I nit) and denitrification (I den) pathways were successfully measured with in-field incubation of soil cores in preserving jars at 0 Pa and 5–10 Pa acetylene. From the incubations, fractions of nitrification – N2O over total N2O (I nit / I tot) – and denitrification – N2O over total N2O (I den / I tot) – were obtained. Actual field emissions of N2O via nitrification (F nit) and denitrification (F den) were calculated by multiplying the fractions from the incubation technique with the daily N2O emission (F day) determined with a direct soil cover method. The approach presented here was successful for a whole range of soil moisture conditions in intensive grassland. F nit and F den followed the trends of soil ammonium and soil nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 308-311 (May 1999), p. 211-218 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gliedergürteldystrophie ; Dystrophin ; Sarkoglykan ; Adhalin ; Emery-Dreifuss-Dystrophie ; Emerin ; Merosin ; Calpain-3 ; Muskeldystrophie Duchenne ; Muskeldystrophie Becker ; Key words Limb-girdle dystrophy ; Dystrophin ; Sarcoglycan ; Adhalin ; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy ; Emerin ; Merosin ; Calpain-3 ; Becker muscular dystrophy ; Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent progress in the field of molecular genetics revealed a broader spectrum of dystrophin-related disorders than previously assumed. In addition, the pathogenetic basis of other types of muscular dystrophies could be identified: some autosomal-recessive limb girdle dystrophies are caused by mutations of sarcoglycan genes, others are caused by deficiency of the sarcoplasmatic enzyme calpain-3. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is due to the deficiency of the nuclear membrane protein emerin. About 50% of congenital muscular dystrophies are related to mutations of a extracellular matrix protein merosin (α-laminin). A series of monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry is now available recognizing many cytoskeletal muscle proteins. In combination with molecular genetics a diagnostic flow chart can be developed which allows a definite diagnosis in most cases. In this review disease entities are illustrated by case reports. We discuss the significance of immunohistochemical and molecular methods for diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neue Ergebnisse der molekularen Genetik haben in den vergangenen Jahren zu der Einsicht geführt, daß das klinische Spektrum der Erkrankungen, die auf Defekte des Muskelmembranproteins Dystrophin zurückgeführt werden können, erheblich breiter ist, als bisher angenommen wurde. Außerdem konnten die molekularen Ursachen anderer Unterformen der progressiven Muskeldystrophien identifiziert werden: ein Teil der autosomal-rezessiv vererbten Muskeldystrophien vom Gliedergürteltyp beruht auf Mutationen der Sarkoglykangene, andere auf Defekten der sarkoplasmatischen Protease Calpain-3; als Ursache der Emery-Dreifuss-Muskeldystrophie konnte ein Membran-Protein der Kernhülle identifiziert werden; etwa die Hälfte der kongenitalen Muskeldystrophien beruht auf Störungen des Merosins (=α2-Laminin), einer Komponente der extrazellulären Matrix. Es steht heute ein Repertoire an spezifischen Antikörpern gegen fast alle der o.g. Muskelproteine für die Immunhistologie zur Verfügung. Zusammen mit den Methoden der molekularen Genetik kann somit ein differenziertes diagnostisches Schema entwickelt werden, das in vielen Fällen zu einer definitiven Diagnose führt. Anhand eigener Fallberichte werden diese Krankheitsentitäten referiert und auf die differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung einer erweiterten immunhistochemischen und molekularen Diagnostik eingegangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Unreamed nailing • Tibia • Open fracture • Primary osteosynthesis • Clinical study ; Schlüsselwörter Unaufgebohrte Marknagelung • Tibia • Offene Fraktur • Primäre Osteosynthese • Klinische Studie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwischen 04/91 und 06/96 wurden 69 offene Unterschenkelfrakturen primär am Unfalltag mittels ungebohrter Marknagelung (UTN, Synthes™) versorgt. Die Verteilung des Frakturtyps (AO-Klassifikation) und Weichteilschadens (Gustilo) war wie folgt: Frakturtyp: A: 28 %, B: 52 %, C: 20 %. Weichteilschaden: I: 30 %, II: 28 %, IIIA: 12 %, IIIB: 12 %, IIIC: 6 %. Von 65 beurteilbaren Frakturen heilten 46 (71 %) ohne sekundäre Maßnahmen in 18 Wochen aus. Bei drei Frakturen kam es zur verzögerten Heilung, so daß ein Verfahrenswechsel zur aufgebohrten Marknagelung notwendig wurde; 8 Frakturen (12 %) entwickelten eine Pseudarthrose, wovon 5 (8 %) ohne weitere Komplikationen ausheilten. Bei 4 Frakturen (6 %) kam es zum tiefen Infekt; 3 der 4 Infekte entstanden nach Sekundäreingriffen zur Therapie einer Pseudarthrose; 7/8 der Pseudarthrosen und 3/4 der Infekte konnten zur Ausheilung gebracht werden. 2. Eingriffe waren bei 11 Patienten (17 %) aufgrund von Frakturheilungsstörungen oder Infekt notwendig (10 aufgebohrte Marknagelungen, 3 Spongiosaplastiken, je eine Sequestrektomie, Fibulaosteotomie, Plattenosteosynthese, Fixateur-externe-Anlage, Monorailverfahren). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß mit dem UTN gleich gute Infektraten, wie nach Fixateur externe Behandlung erreichbar sind. Vorteile des UTN ist jedoch eine geringere Rate an 2. Eingriffen bei größerem Patientenkomfort. Daher ist der UTN für uns eine gute Alternative zum Fixateur externe in der Behandlung von offenen Frakturen mit schwerem Weichteilschaden.
    Notes: Summary From 04/91 to 06/96 sixty-nine open fractures of the tibia were primarily treated on the day of the accident with unreamed nailing (UTN, Synthes™). The distributions of fracture type according to the AO classification and of soft tissue injury according to Gustilo were as follows: fracture type: A: 28 %, B: 52 %, C: 20 %; soft tissue injury: I: 30 %, II: 28 %, IIIA: 12 %, IIIB: 12 %, IIIC: 6 %. Of the 65 fractures assessed 46 (71 %) healed within 18 weeks without secondary intervention. There was delayed healing in three fractures requiring secondary conversion to reamed nailing. Eight fractures (12 %) developed pseudarthrosis of which five (8 %) healed uneventfully. Deep infections was manifest in four fractures (6 %). Three of these infections developed after secondary intervention to treat pseudarthrosis. Seven of the eight pseudarthroses and three of the four infections healed eventually. Revision procedures were necessary in 11 patients (17 %) to deal with disturbed fracture healing or infection (10 reamed nailing procedures, three cancellous bone grafts, and one of each of the following: sequestrectomy, fibular osteotomy, plate fixation, external fixator, monorail procedure). The results show that the same good infection rates were achieved for the UTN as for the external fixator. The advantages of the UTN are, however, a lesser need for secondary intervention and greater patient comfort. Therefore, we find the UTN to be a good alternative to the external fixator in the treatment of open fractures with severe soft tissue damage.
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