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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1974-1977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a simple method for creating multiple optical tweezers from a single laser beam using diffractive optical elements. As a demonstration of this technique, we have implemented a 4×4 square array of optical tweezers—the hexadeca tweezer. Not only will diffractively generated optical tweezers facilitate many new experiments in pure and applied physics, but they also will be useful for fabricating nanocomposite materials and devices, including photonic bandgap materials and optical circuit elements. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148883
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent Supine Syncope: (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Supine Syncope. Introduction: Syncope occasionally may occur in the supine patient due to severe brady- or tachyarrhythmia. However, recurrent syncope upon assumption of the supine position as a result of a neurally mediated reflex mechanism has not been reported previously. Methods and Results: Two young patients, both of whom had significant systemic illnesses, experienced recurrent episodes of presyncope and/or syncope shortly after assuming the supine position. During ambulatory ECG monitoring, symptoms were provoked only by lying down and were associated with transient bradycardia. Head-up tilt table testing was undertaken as part of the syncope evaluation and was nondiagnostic in both cases. However, both patients exhibited a transient cardioinhibitory response with reproduction of typical symptoms upon return of the table to the supine position (“reverse tilt”). During follow-up (8 and 14 months), both patients improved with pharmacologic treatment (disopyramide in one case and midodrine in the other). Conclusion: Presyncope or syncope upon lying down can he an unusual manifestation of the neurally mediated faint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00932.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of C-Terminal Truncation of the Recombinant δ-Opioid Receptor on Phospholipase C and Adenylyl Cyclase Coupling (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Opioid receptors belong to the superfamily of guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein-coupled receptors. There is now growing evidence in support of a stimulatory coupling of opioid receptors to phospholipase C (PLC), via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, leading to the generation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]. We have generated two C-terminal truncation mutants of the δ-opioid receptor lacking the final 15 or 37 amino acids and examined their coupling to PLC and adenylyl cyclase. d-[Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) mediated Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation and cyclic AMP inhibition was measured in whole cells and assayed using radioreceptor mass assays. DPDPE produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 mass formation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the δwt, δ15, and δ37 receptors. As the C terminus was truncated, the time to maximum stimulation (15 s in CHOδwt, 60 s in CHOδ15, and 120 s in CHOδ37) increased and removal of the C terminus resulted in a prompt return to basal Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels. Whereas the dose-response curves to Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation and cyclic AMP inhibition remained largely unaffected by C-terminal truncation, there were large differences in the pEC/IC50 values, with cyclic AMP inhibition being the more potent, perhaps indicating Giα coupling to adenylyl cyclase and Giβ/γ coupling to PLC. Collectively, these data indicate that the C terminus of the δ-opioid receptor is unimportant in the acute coupling to adenylyl cyclase but may have a role to play in PLC coupling. We hypothesize that an intact C terminus is required to allow normal “strong” coupling of receptor to Gi and that truncation weakens this link as reflected in an increased time to peak. In addition, if the coupling is weak, the acute response to agonist stimulation rapidly uncouples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062273.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exocytotic and Nonexocytotic Modes of Glutamate Release from Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells During Chemical Ischaemia (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The mechanism of glutamate release from cultured cerebellar granule neurones in response to a chemical model of ischaemia (10 mM 2-deoxyglucose plus 1 mM sodium cyanide) was investigated. In the first 2 min of ischaemia, release of preloaded d-[3H]aspartate could be extensively attenuated by tetanus toxin and bafilomycin A1 and was dependent on the activation of Ca2+ channels sensitive to the “Q” type Ca2+ channel antagonist, ω-conotoxin-MVIIC. During this period, ATP/ADP ratios fell rapidly. The extent of release in the first 2 min was comparable to that evoked by 2-min depolarization by 50 mM KCl. Free Ca2+ concentrations, determined in neurites and somata, did not increase until after 2 min. The neurite increase in cellular Ca2+ precedes that of the cell somata. Release of d-[3H]aspartate was partially inhibited by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, which also delayed the increase in free Ca2+ concentration. Prolonging the period of ischaemia to 6 and 10 min produced no further increase in the apparently exocytotic component of release, but initiated an extensive nonexocytotic release of the amino acid. Studies with the synaptic vesicle membrane probe FM1-43 in which released amino acid was removed by superfusion indicated that Ca2+-dependent exocytosis was delayed in this system. It is concluded that chemical ischaemia initiates an initial exocytotic followed by nonexocytotic release and that the former is facilitated by NMDA receptor activation. These events occur in cells that are still able to exclude propidium iodide, indicating that cell death has not yet occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and microstructure of tensile-strained SiGe(001) thin epitaxial films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1096-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tensile-strained Si0.6Ge0.4 alloys are deposited on Ge(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. The morphology and microstructure of as-deposited (6.5–130 nm thick deposited at 325–500 °C) and annealed (2 min at 625 or 700 °C) epitaxial films are studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, ex situ atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. 6.5 nm thick films deposited at 325 and 410 °C are atomically flat with low densities of partial dislocations; stress relaxation of 6.5 nm thick films is limited by dislocation blocking. The surface morphology of thicker films grown at 410 °C is strongly influenced by the interactions of stacking faults and surface steps. Annealing of 13 nm thick films at 700 °C produces a severe roughening with the formation of a regular pattern of 50 nm deep surface pits bounded by {113} facets. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conductivity of κ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 wear-resistant coatings (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5783-5786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal conductivities of α-Al2O3 and κ-Al2O3 wear-resistant coatings are measured using the 3ω method in the temperature range 80〈T〈600 K. The coatings are 13 μm thick and deposited by chemical vapor deposition on substrates of Co-cemented WC. The α-Al2O3 coating has a thermal conductivity comparable to sapphire at T〉300 K. The relatively small thermal conductivity of κ-Al2O3, a factor of ∼3 smaller than α-Al2O3, suggests that this metastable phase of alumina can be applied as an effective thermal barrier for cutting tools. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367500
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in incidence of gastroschisis in the South West of England in 1995 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 105 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To describe the incidence of gastroschisis and to identify possible aetiological factors.Design A retrospective case review study.Setting The South West Region of England.Population All known cases of gastroschisis were identified from the regional fetal medicine, ultrasound, pathology and neonatal surgery databases. Datasets to be collected were agreed prospectively and included demographic, past medical, family and obstetric information for all pregnancies conceived between January 1987 and December 1995.Results In the first eight years the incidence was 1.61 10,000 but in 1995 a highly statistically significant rise to 4.4/ 10,000 was found (P= 0.0009). The increased incidence was not associated with changes in maternal age, proportion of primigravidae, use of tobacco or illicit drugs, conception while taking the oral contraceptive pill, or an increase in the number of teenage pregnancies. The median maternal age at last menstrual period for pregnancies with gastroschisis was 20.4 years which was much younger than the national average of 28 years. Thirty-seven percent of these conceptions occurred during the first quarter of the year compared with the expected 25%.Conclusions The incidence of gastroschisis has risen to a higher level than previously reported which, despite a marked association with young maternal age at conception, is not due to an increase in the teenage pregnancy rate. As the average length of inpatient stay in the neonatal intensive care unit for cases with this malformation is approximately four weeks, the rise has considerable cost implications. The increasing incidence may also offer opportunities to determine the cause of gastroschisis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10095.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Affairs (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00129
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Affairs (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Affairs (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00095
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