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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid-hybrid matrix structural refinement of a DNA three-way junction from 3D NOESY-NOESY (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of biomolecular NMR 14 (1999), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: MORASS ; NOESY-NOESY ; relaxation matrix analysis ; three-way junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Homonuclear 3D NOESY-NOESY has shown great promise for the structural refinement of large biomolecules. A computationally efficient hybrid-hybrid relaxation matrix refinement methodology, using 3D NOESY-NOESY data, was used to refine the structure of a DNA three-way junction having two unpaired bases at the branch point of the junction. The NMR data and the relaxation matrix refinement confirm that the DNA three-way junction exists in a folded conformation with two of the helical stems stacked upon each other. The third unstacked stem extends away from the junction, forming an acute angle (∼60° ) with the stacked stems. The two unpaired bases are stacked upon each other and are exposed to the solvent. Helical parameters for the bases in all three strands show slight deviations from typical values expected for right-handed B-form DNA. Inter-nucleotide imino-imino NOEs between the bases at the branch point of the junction show that the junction region is well defined. The helical stems show mobility (± 20° ) indicating dynamic processes around the junction region. The unstacked helical stem adjacent to the unpaired bases shows greater mobility compared to the other two stems. The results from this study indicate that the 3D hybrid-hybrid matrix MORASS refinement methodology, by combining the spectral dispersion of 3D NOESY-NOESY and the computational efficiency of 2D refinement programs, provides an accurate and robust means for structure determination of large biomolecules. Our results also indicate that the 3D MORASS method gives higher quality structures compared to the 2D complete relaxation matrix refinement method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008330011425
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Shape and shape theory (1999)
    Chichester u.a. :Wiley,
    Details
    Title: Shape and shape theory
    Author: Kendall, David G.
    Contributer: Barden, D. , Carne, T. K. , Le, H.
    Publisher: Chichester u.a. :Wiley,
    Year of publication: 1999
    Pages: 306 S.
    Series Statement: Wiley series in probability and statistics
    Type of Medium: Book
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    ZIB Catalog
    Zuse Institute Berlin get availability status
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of bump formation on glass substrates during laser texturing (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1311-1316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quantitative model is proposed to elucidate and predict the dome-shaped surface topography resulting from CO2 laser heating of glass substrates. In the analysis, a permanent structural change in glass is induced by a higher glass transition temperature due to the faster cooling process, with a final topography being determined by the temperature history resulting from the absorbed laser energy. The analysis is validated by experiment, which focuses on the energies which trigger the permanent deformation and induce a dome-shaped topography. The dimensions (maximum height and base area) of the bump show a logarithmic dependence on energy as expected from the theory. Using the constants determined from the experimental data and our analysis, bump profiles over a range of laser fluences are predicted. These two constants provide the information for determining the new glass transition temperature and the threshold energy needed to form a permanent bump. The result also suggests that the topography is mostly determined from the conditions at the end of the laser pulse. The effects of thermally induced stress on the model, and the physics of bump formation in chemically strengthened glass are addressed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370887
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The three-dimensional vortical nature of atmospheric and oceanic turbulent flows (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 1512-1520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a novel numerical method at unprecedented resolution, we demonstrate that structures of small to intermediate scale in rotating, stratified flows are intrinsically three-dimensional. Such flows are characterized by vortices (spinning volumes of fluid), regions of large vorticity gradients, and filamentary structures at all scales. It is found that such structures have predominantly three-dimensional dynamics below a horizontal scale L(approximate)〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12LR, where LR is the so-called Rossby radius of deformation, equal to the characteristic vertical scale of the fluid H divided by the ratio of the rotational and buoyancy frequencies f/N. The breakdown of two-dimensional dynamics at these scales is attributed to the so-called "tall-column instability" [D. G. Dritschel and M. de la Torre Juárez, J. Fluid. Mech. 328, 129 (1996)], which is active on columnar vortices that are tall after scaling by f/N, or, equivalently, that are narrow compared with LR. Moreover, this instability eventually leads to a simple relationship between typical vertical and horizontal scales: for each vertical wave number (apart from the vertically averaged, barotropic component of the flow) the average horizontal wave number is equal to f/N times the vertical wave number. The practical implication is that three-dimensional modeling is essential to capture the behavior of rotating, stratified fluids. Two-dimensional models are not valid for scales below LR. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gelatinase activity in keloids and hypertrophic scars (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Keloids and hypertrophic scars are characterized by excessive deposition of collagen, which may result from insufficient protein degradation. Little is known about the levels of two gelatinases, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (72 kD type IV collagenase) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9; 92 kD type IV collagenase) in these abnormal scars. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of these proteinases in tissue from hypertrophic scars, keloids, and donor skin. Ten hypertrophic scar samples, 9 keloid samples, and 10 donor skin samples were frozen, pulverized, homogenized, clarified by centrifugation, and analyzed for matrix metalloproteinases by quantitative zymography. Identity of matrix metalloproteinases was determined using a conditioned media reference standard, molecular weight ladders, and Western blotting. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity were very low or undetectable in all samples. However, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was significantly elevated in keloids and hypertrophic scars vs. donor samples: 2.6 and 3.9-fold increases for latent matrix metalloproteinase-2, 7.8 and 6.9-fold increases for active matrix metalloproteinase-2, respectively. We conclude that little matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity (the gelatinase involved in early tissue repair) is present in keloids and hypertrophic scars, while matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity (the gelatinase involved in prolonged tissue remodeling) is present in donor skin and is significantly increased in hypertrophic scars and keloids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475X.1999.00166.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESCWGA/NASPE/P Experts Consensus Statement: (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anatomic Nomenclature of the AV Junctions. Current nomenclature for the AV junctions derives from a surgically distorted view, placing; the valvar rings and the triangle of Koch in a single plane with anteroposterior and right-left lateral coordinates. Within this convention, the aorta is considered to occupy an anterior position, whereas the mouth of the coronary sinus is shown as being posterior. Although this nomenclature has served its purpose for the description and treatment of arrhythmias dependent on accessory pathways and AV nodal reentry, it is less than satisfactory for the description of atrial and ventricular mapping. To correct these deficiencies, a consensus document has been prepared by experts from the Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and from the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. It proposes a new, anatomically sound, nomenclature that will be applicable to all chambers of the heart. In this report, we discuss its value for description of the A V junctions and establish the principles of this new nomenclature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00291.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Acute Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: On exposure to glutamate, cultured rat cerebellar granule cells undergo a delayed Ca2+ deregulation (DCD), which precedes and predicts cell death. We have previously shown that mitochondria control the sensitivity of the neurons to DCD. Mitochondrial depolarization by rotenone/oligomycin before glutamate addition is strongly neuroprotective, and the indication is therefore that mitochondrial Ca2+ loading leads to a delayed loss of bioenergetic function culminating in DCD and cell death. In this report it is shown that superoxide (O2[UNK]) generation in intact cells, monitored by oxidation of hydroethidine to ethidium, was enhanced by glutamate only when mitochondria were polarized. Production of superoxide was higher in the subset of cells undergoing DCD. In the presence of rotenone and oligomycin, addition of glutamate did not result in increased superoxide generation. Menadione-generated superoxide enhances the DCD of cells exposed to glutamate; in contrast, glutamate-induced DCD was potently inhibited by the presence of the cell-permeant antioxidant manganese(III) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin. An inverse correlation is observed between the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ maintained in individual cells in the presence of glutamate and the ability of these cells to restore basal Ca2+ when NMDA receptors are inhibited and mitochondrial Ca2+ is released. It is concluded that mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and reactive oxygen species each contribute to DCD, probably related to damage to a process controlling Ca2+ efflux from the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721394.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CCAAT Displacement Protein (CDP/Cut) Binds a Negative Regulatory Element in the Human Tryptophan Hydroxylase Gene (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzymein the biosynthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that has been implicatedin many psychiatric illnesses. The mechanism of transcriptional regulation ofthe human TPH gene is largely unknown. We have identified a negativeregulatory element located between nucleotides -310 and -220 in the humanTPH (hTPH) gene. Electromobility shift analyses performedwith the -310/-220 hTPH probe and nuclear extract from P815-HTR (aTPH-expressing cell line) revealed two slow migrating protein-DNA complexes,designated I and II. CCAAT displacement protein (CDP/Cut) is involved incomplex I formation as shown in electromobility shift analysis, usingconsensus oligonucleotide competitor and antibody. Mutations in the CDP/Cutbinding site not only disrupted the CDP-DNA complex but also disrupted thesecond complex, suggesting that the core binding sequences of the two proteinsare overlapping. The functional importance of these protein-DNA interactionswas assessed by transiently transfecting wild-type and mutantpTPH/luciferase reporter constructs into P815-HTR cells. Mutations inthe core CDP/Cut site resulted in an approximately fourfold increase inrelative luciferase activities. Because CDP/Cut has been shown to represstranscription of many target genes, we speculate that disruption of theCDP/Cut binding was responsible, at least in part, for the activation ofhTPH gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720029.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Oxidative Stress in the Subthalamic Nucleus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 73 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract : Increased free radical production and oxidative stress have been proposed as pathogenic mechanisms in several neurodegenerative disorders. Free radicals interact with biological macromolecules, such as lipids, which can lead to lipid peroxidation. A well-established marker of oxidative damage to lipids is malondialdehyde (MDA). We measured tissue MDA levels in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and cerebellum from 11 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases and 11 age-matched control cases using sensitive HPLC techniques. In PSP, a significant increase in tissue MDA levels was observed in the STN when compared with the age-matched control group. By contrast, no significant difference between tissue MDA content was observed in cerebellar tissue from the same PSP and age-matched control cases. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation may play a role in the pathogenesis of PSP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730881.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a guidebook to promote patient participation in the management of ulcerative colitis (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Health & social care in the community 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2524
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the process of developing a guidebook for people with ulcerative colitis by involving patients and self-help groups from the outset. Medical information in the guidebook is based on evidence of effective treatment obtained from results of randomized controlled trials reported in the medical literature. Such information is presented in a way designed to empower patients and allow them to participate in making informed choices about their medical and surgical care. Initial evaluation in the form of feedback from patients has shown that the guidebook is well liked and easy to understand. The principles used in the development could be extended to devise similar guidebooks for other chronic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.1999.00174.x
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