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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1950-1954
  • 1999  (6)
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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1950-1954
Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-sensitivity quantitative Kelvin probe microscopy by noncontact ultra-high-vacuum atomic force microscopy (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 286-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present quantitative measurements of the work function of semiconductor and metal surfaces prepared in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) using a combination of UHV noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. High energetic and lateral resolution is achieved by using the second resonance frequency of the cantilever to measure the electrostatic forces, while the first resonance frequency is used to simultaneously obtain topographic images by the frequency modulation technique. Spatially resolved work-function measurements reveal a reduced work function in the vicinity of steps on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. On the GaAs(110) surface it could be demonstrated that defect states in the forbidden band gap cause a local pinning of the Fermi level along monolayer steps. On p-WSe2(0001) work-function variations due to the Coulomb potential of single dopant sites were resolved. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124357
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Band offsets at the ZnSe/CuGaSe2(001) heterointerface (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1099-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of the ZnSe/CuGaSe2 heterointerface was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). ZnSe was sequentially grown on CuGaSe2(001) epilayers. In situ photoemission spectra of the Ga 3d and Zn 3d core levels as well as XPS valence bands were acquired after each deposition step. The valence-band offset is determined to be ΔEV=0.6±0.1 eV. As a consequence, a nearly symmetric "type-I" band alignment for the ZnSe/CuGaSe2 heterojunction with a conduction-band offset of ΔEC=0.4±0.1 eV is found. Concerning the band alignment ZnSe can, therefore, be expected to be a suitable buffer material for CuGaSe2-based thin-film solar cells. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123455
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially distributed p-n heterojunction based on nanoporous TiO2 and CuSCN (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 692-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Directed semiconductor growth in nanoporous ceramic films is reported. A p-n heterojunction with an interface that is spatially distributed across the complete thickness of the ceramic film is established. The interface area is estimated to be several 100 times larger than its geometric projection. The p-n junction shows excellent rectification and may serve as the basic building block for photovoltaic devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124484
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    True atomic resolution under ambient conditions obtained by atomic force microscopy in the contact mode (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.Ch; 68.35.Bs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 ) has been investigated by contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) in air. Both the terraces and the monolayer step itself were reproducibly imaged at atomic resolution in the repulsive-force regime at forces between tip apex and sample of the order of 10-9 N. Several kinks were also imaged at atomic resolution. Details of the atomic registry of subsequent Se-Nb-Se sandwich layers as well as the arrangement of the individual atoms at the kink sites were resolved. The results are in perfect quantitative agreement with the lattice structure known from X-ray analysis and indicate that true atom-by-atom lateral resolution of microscopic defects is feasible by AFM in the contact mode and under ambient conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050912
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configuration Spaces of Mechanical Linkages (1999)
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 22 (1999), S. 297-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We present an easy to survey constructive method using only basic mathematics which allows us to define a homeomorphism between any compact real algebraic variety and some components of the configuration space of a mechanical linkage. The aim is to imitate addition and multiplication in the framework of weighted graphs in the euclidean plane that permit a ``mechanical description'' of polynomial functions, and thus of varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009462
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irritability: the forgotten dimension of female-specific mood disorders (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of women's mental health 2 (1999), S. 153-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1102
    Keywords: Keywords: Irritability; mood disorders; women.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human proneness to anger, or irritability, has – from the earliest writings on physical health – represented a disturbance in physiological function and manifested itself as a disturbance of mood. Since antiquity, irritability has been associated with a range and variety of irascible verbal and physical behaviours. Yet, for the most part, the literature on irritability lies buried and forgotten. Our current conceptualization of irritability, a symptom present in a variety of mental and physical conditions, might be traced to the "disease model" of mental illness prevalent in medicine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Irritability, and not depression or anxiety, is frequently the primary presenting complaint in women with premenstrual, perinatal, and perimenopausal mood disturbances. Both the historical writings and contemporary research – in particular research on female-specific mood disorders, suggest congruence with the notion of severe irritability as a distinct mood condition. This overview represents not an introduction but rather a resurrection of a longstanding and familiar, yet elusive phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007370050044
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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