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  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1999  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of soil processes on carbon isotope distribution and turnover in the British uplands (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Understanding the natural variation of carbon within the soil, and between soil types, is crucial to improve predictive models of carbon cycling in high and mid-latitude ecosystems in response to global warming. We measured the carbon isotope distributions (12C, 13C and 14C) in soil organic matter (SOM) from Podzols, Brown Podzolic soils and Stagnohumic Gleysols from the British uplands, which were then compared with the total amounts and turnover of carbon in these soils. We did so by sampling at 2-cm intervals down six profiles of each soil type. The average amount of carbon stored in the top 28 cm of the Stagnohumic Gleysols is twice that of the other two soils. The 13C content and 14C age show a general increase with depth in all soils, and there is also a significant correlation between isotopic variation and the main pedogenic features. The latter suggests that soil-forming processes are significant in determining the carbon isotope signatures retained in SOM. Organic matter formed since 1960 is not found below 5 cm in any of the soils. Evidently organic detritus in the surface layers (LF and Oh) is rapidly mineralized. This accords with our modelled net annual C fluxes which show that more than 80% of the CO2 emanating from these soils is derived from the top 5 cm of each profile. Although these soils contain much carbon, they do not appear to assimilate and retain SOM rapidly. The mean residence time of most of their carbon is in the 2–50 years range, so the soils are fairly ineffective sinks for excess CO2 in the atmosphere. Under the predicted future ‘greenhouse’ climate, likely to favour more rapid microbial decomposition of organic materials, these soils are a potential source of CO2 and are therefore likely to accelerate global warming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00222.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial Pattern on the Day of Oocyte Retrieval Is More Predictive of Implantation Success than the Pattern or Thickness on the Day of hCG Administration (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 16 (1999), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: in vitro fertilization ; ultrasound ; endometrial pattern ; endometrial thickness ; pregnancy ; implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Multiple studies have confirmed a lower implantation (IR) and pregnancy rate (PR) in women who exhibit a homogeneous pattern (pattern II) of the endometrium compared to a triple-line pattern (pattern I) on the day of hCG administration. However, no data are available to evaluate if patients alter their endometrial thickness and pattern between the day of hCG administration (D hCG ) and the day of oocyte retrieval (D RET ) and whether these changes adversely affect endometrial receptivity. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 86 women (mean age, 32.9 ± 3.8 years; range, 24–40 years) undergoing 103 IVF/ET cycles. Results: Pattern II was noted in 7 cycles (6.8%) on D hCG , compared to 96 cycles with pattern I (93.2%). However, 20 cycles (19.4%) had pattern II on D RET . The ongoing IR was 13.0% (3/23) in the pattern II group compared to 20.8% (76/365) in the pattern I group on D hCG (P = NS). However, a significant decrease in the ongoing IR, to 9.9% (7/71), was noted in pattern II, compared to 23.3% (71/305) in pattern I, on D RET (P = 0.019). There was no difference in age, basal FSH, peak E 2, P 4 on the day of hCG, number of oocytes, number of ET, or endometrial thickness between pregnant and nonpregnant patients, or between patients with pattern I and those with pattern II. A trend toward higher progesterone levels on D hCG was noted in women with pattern II (P = 0.078). Conclusions: Endometrial pattern, rather than thickness, on the day of oocyte retrieval appears to be an important prognosticator of endometrial receptivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020545120256
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The War Events Questionnaire (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The measurement of exposure to war in large epidemiological studies necessitates the use of easily administered and reliable questionnaires that cover a range of war events. The War Event Questionnaire (WEQ) was designed by our group to address these issues and has proved to be quite easy to administer. The aim of this study is to establish the inter-rater reliability of the WEQ. Method: Two trained interviewers alternated in administering parts I and II of the WEQ. Results: The Kappa statistics used to calculate the degree of agreement between the two raters ranged from 0.281 to 0.774 for part I events and from 0.189 to 1.000 for part II events. Conclusion: The WEQ has proved to be a useful instrument that addresses both objective and the subjective war experiences; it is a fairly reliable instrument and has helped us avoid tautological assessment of the mental health effects of war.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050143
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR Imaging of Levator Ani Muscle Recovery Following Vaginal Delivery (1999)
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 10 (1999), S. 300-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Key words: Follow-up in puerperium; Levator ani muscle; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Our aim was to quantify the changes that occur in the levator ani muscles (LA) after vaginal delivery using magnetic resonance imaging. Fourteen women underwent MRI 1 day postpartum. Six of them were also scanned 1, 2, 6 weeks and 6 months after delivery. LA signal intensities and thickness, in areas of the urogenital and the levator hiatus were assessed in the transverse plane. Perineal body position was measured in the sagittal plane. One day postpartum a higher T2-signal intensity of the LA compared to the obturator internus muscle was found in all women and a lower T1-signal intensity in 8 of 12 women. By 6 months these differences were present in only 1 woman in the left LA. An elevation in perineal body position of 13.4 ±7.3 mm (P〈0.05), as well as a decrease in the area of the urogenital hiatus by 27% (P〈0.05) and of the levator hiatus by 22% (P〈0.05) by 2 weeks postpartum suggest a return of normal LA geometry. LA thickness showed interindividual variations, and a complete loss of LA tissue was found in 1 woman. Changes in LA signal intensity, topography and thickness during the puerperium can be documented using MR imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001929970006
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