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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing Financial Accountability in British Acute Hospitals (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Financial accountability and management 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explains the process of defining, measuring and costing health service outputs (Health Resource Groups – HRGs). It identifies why the introduction of HRGs became necessary and how they were rolled out and became mandatory. The steps followed to achieve national uniformity are explained. Evidence is provided on the extent to which HRGs have been adopted and on the wider roles they may fulfil, such as benchmarking. The possible implications for resource allocation and the power of clinicians are discussed. Finally, attention is turned to the possible consequences of costed HRGs, as a means of achieving detailed financial accountability at operational level and to alternative means of control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00071
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hierarchies, networks and management accounting in NHS hospitals (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 12 (1999), S. 164-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The pursuit of cost efficiency in the British National Health Service has resulted in increased emphasis on devolved financial accountability and the introduction of an internal market. With the aid of a case study, this paper examines alternative forms of governance and proposes that aspects of the internal market and functioning within acute hospital units, are suited to network-style organisation. The implications of hierarchies and networks for the design and use of management accounting information (MAI) are identified. These are used to analyse the case evidence concerning the roles, intended and unintended, of MAI in the context of organisational change and where multiple, and sometimes conflicting, goals and priorities existed. It concludes that a network approach to the design of MAI is more consistent with the desirable culture, at operational level, in acute units. However, this will only be achieved through deliberate intervention by those who design MAI systems and senior managers, who by their attitudes towards the interpretation and response to MAI, shape overall organisational culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513579910270093
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dramatic structure and cultural context in Plato's Laches (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @classical quarterly 49 (1999), S. 123-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8388
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Classical Studies
    Notes: The characters in Plato's Socratic Dialogues and the sociocultural beliefs and assumptions they present have a historical dramatic setting which ranges over the last quarter of the fifth century b.c.—the period of activity of the historical Socrates. That this context is to an extent fictional is undeniable; yet this leaves open the question what the dramatic interplay of (mostly) dead politicians, sophists, and other Socratic associates—not forgetting Socrates himself—signifies for the overall meaning and purpose of individual Dialogues. Are we to assume, with a recent study, that Plato is entirely concerned with his contemporary world and is, as it were, borrowing his characters from the fifth century, or does the fiction reveal something of his real involvement in the values and debates of the recent past? The aim of this paper is to argue that a detailed study of the characterization and dramatic structure of one particular Dialogue, Laches, strongly suggests that Plato is using a perceived tension between past and present to generate not only a philosophical argument but also a commentary on the cultural and political world of late fifth-century Athens and in particular Socrates’ position within it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.123
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Structures of some Lanthanoid Group 15 Hetrocyclic Complexes (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 136-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.315-317.136.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computed tomographic evaluation and guided correction of malpositioned nephrostomy catheters (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 422-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Nephrostomy catheters—Computed tomography—CT guided—Dislodged nephrostomy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To determine the utility of computed tomography (CT) in the detection and correction of malpositioned nephrostomy catheters after contrast spillage during nephrostograms. Methods: CT was performed in nine patients after an abnormal (contrast spillage) tube nephrostogram performed during or after nephrostomy tube placement. CT was used to locate the nephrostomy catheter position in relation to the renal collecting system. If possible, CT was also used for guidance and repositioning of the nephrostomy catheters into the intrarenal collecting system. Results: In all nine cases, CT was successful in detecting the position of the suspected malpositioned catheter. In seven of nine cases, CT demonstrated the catheter outside the renal collecting system and effectively helped reposition the catheters into the intrarenal collecting system. In one case, the malpositioned nephrostomy catheter was within the intraperitoneal cavity and required surgical correction. Another case required fluoroscopic-guided repositioning for the initial nephrostomy catheter, which was partly posterior to the kidney and partly within the kidney. The catheter in this latter case was successfully advanced over a guidewire into the collecting system. Conclusions: CT may be used to detect possible catheter malposition associated with nephrostomy tube placement. CT may also be used to successfully guide catheter repositioning in the renal collecting system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900529
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of the laryngeal mask airway for inter-hospital transport of infants with type 3 laryngotracheo-oesophageal clefts (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 714-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Layngeal mask airway ; Laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft ; Inter-hospital transfers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Type 3 laryngotracheo-oesophageal clefts are rare congenital anomalies with a high mortality. In the past, transport of such infants to tertiary centres for surgical correction has proved extremely difficult, with the child's ventilatory status often deteriorating to such an extent that ultimate surgical intervention has not proved possible. We describe two cases of successful inter-hospital transfer of infants with type 3 laryngotracheo-oesophageal clefts using the laryngeal mask airway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050934
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of Capgras delusion following critical illness (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1183-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hallucinations and paranoid delusions are recognised complications of critical illness. However, the occurrence of Capgras syndrome, in response to critical illness, where patients are convinced that doubles have replaced close family has not been described in the literature. There have been isolated case histories in the literature in response to medical procedures or illness but mostly in patients suffering from schizophrenia. A 42 year old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with pneumonia, following extensive surgery for a squamous cell carcinoma, secondary to Crohns disease. She had no history of previous head injury, cerebro-vascular problems or psychiatric disorder. She reported having memories of all her family, with the exception of her mother, being replaced by aliens while she was on the ICU. The delusion was only diagnosed once it had resolved and the patient was able to talk, and this highlights the difficulty of diagnosing delusions while patients are still intubated and unable to verbalise their concerns. It has been suggested that a defect in the ability to recognise the emotional significance of the face lies at the root of Capgras syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051035
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone mineralisation in ex-preterm infants aged 8 years (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Infant-premature ; Bone mineralisation ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In preterm infants, in whom perinatal mineralisation deficits are common, there is little information on long-term bone mineralisation. Using a Hologic QDR 1000 dual energy X-ray absorptiometer, bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD) were measured in lumbar, spine, forearm and hip in 46 ex- preterm infants 〈32 weeks gestation together with controls at 8 years of age. Height and weight were recorded, as was history of bone fracture. Preterm infants were shorter by 4.9 cm (95% CI, 2.4 – 7.3) and lighter by 2.6 kg (95% CI, 0.7 – 4.4). BMC for all sites measured was significantly lower in the preterm group, but did not remain so when adjusted for height and weight. BMD was significantly reduced in the hip of the preterm group. Prolonged ventilation was associated with the lowest BMC and duration of preterm formula feeding correlated with higher BMC. Accidental fractures were less common in the preterm group. Conclusion Ex preterm infants have significant reduction in bone mineral mass commensurate with their reduced growth and reduced bone mineral density in their hips.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051171
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemodynamic Abnormalities in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 20 (1999), S. 390-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Key words: Fetus — Echocardiography — Heart defects — Congenital — Ventricular function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this investigation was to assess left and right ventricular function, volume ejection fraction, combined stroke volume, and combined ventricular output in the human fetus with congenital heart disease compared to the normal healthy fetus. Seventy-two fetuses with a variety of in utero diagnosed congenital cardiac defects were compared with a control group of fetuses with structurally normal hearts matched for race, maternal age, and gestational age. We demonstrated significant hemodynamic changes in the fetus with congenital heart disease. There was a significant (p 〈 0.0001) decrease in the volume ejection fractions, biventricular stroke volume, and cardiac output in the congenital heart disease group compared to matched controls. Our findings suggest that hemodynamic abnormalities in the fetus with congenital heart disease are present before birth and we speculate that myocardial reserve may not be adequate to respond to hemodynamic stressors such as birth or heart surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002469900497
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Ras protein from a phytopathogenic fungus causes defects in hyphal growth polarity, and induces tumors in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsColletotrichum trifolii ; Growth polarity ; Ras ; Signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ras is a low-molecular-weight guanine nucleotide (GDP/GTP)-binding protein that transduces signals for growth and differentiation in eukaryotes. In mammals, the importance of Ras in regulating growth is underscored by the observation that activating mutations in ras genes are found in many animal tumors. Colletotrichum trifolii is a filamentous fungal pathogen of alfalfa which causes anthracnose disease. To investigate signaling pathways that regulate growth and development in this fungus, a gene encoding a Ras homolog (CT-Ras) was cloned from C. trifolii. CT-Ras exhibited extensive amino acid similarity to Ras proteins from higher and lower eukaryotes. A single amino acid change resulting in mutationally activated CT-Ras induced cellular transformation of mouse (NIH 3T3) fibroblasts and tumor formation in nu/nu mice. In Colletotrichum, mutationally activated CT-Ras induced abnormal hyphal proliferation and defects in polarized growth, and significantly reduced differentiation in a nutrient-dependent manner. These results show that C. trifolii Ras is a functional growth regulator in both mammals and fungi, and demonstrate that proper regulation of Ras is required for normal fungal growth and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051058
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