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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1999  (2)
  • 3‐dimethy‐2‐imidazolidinone solvent system  (1)
  • East/Japan Sea  (1)
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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1999  (2)
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction characteristics of cellulose in the LiCl/1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone solvent system (1999)
    Springer
    Cellulose 6 (1999), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: LiCl/1 ; 3‐dimethy‐2‐imidazolidinone solvent system ; homogeneous cellulose solution ; cellulose acetate ; O‐methylcellulose ; reaction characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the nature of the LiCl/1,3‐dimethy‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) solvent system as one of the homogeneous reaction media of cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA) and O‐methylcellulose (MC) were prepared using this solvent system, and the distribution of substituents within anhydroglucose units was examined by 13C‐NMR. It was found that (i) homogeneous cellulose solutions can be easily prepared by heating 2, 5–12 and 100 parts of weight of cellulose, LiCl, and DMI, respectively, and (ii) the relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups is in the order C‐6 〉 C‐2 〉 C‐3 for both CA and MC. A remarkable feature of this solvent system is that the reaction efficiency in etherification is very high compared with other homogeneous solvent systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009208417954
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annual and Seasonal Variations of the Sea Surface Heat Fluxes in the East Asian Marginal Seas (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 55 (1999), S. 257-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Keywords: Surface heat flux ; net heat flux ; Yellow Sea ; East/Japan Sea ; East China Sea ; monthly and annual means
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Based on the twice-daily marine atmospheric variables which were derived mostly from the weather maps for 18 years period from 1978 to 1995, the surface heat flux over the East Asian marginal seas was calculated at 0.5°×0.5° grid points twice a day. The annual mean distribution of the net heat flux shows that the maximum heat loss occurs in the central part of the Yellow Sea, along the Kuroshio axis and along the west coast of the northern Japanese islands. The area off Vladivostok turned out to be a heat-losing region, however, on the average, the amount of heat loss is minimum over the study area and the estuary of the Yangtze River also appears as a region of the minimum heat loss. The seasonal variations of heat flux show that the period of heat gain is longest in the Yellow Sea, and the maximum heat gain occurs in June. The maximum heat loss occurs in January over the study area, except the Yellow Sea where the heat loss is maximum in December. The annual mean value of the net heat flux in the East/Japan Sea is −108 W/m2 which is about twice the value of Hirose et al. (1996) or about 30% higher than Kato and Asai (1983). For the Yellow Sea, it is about −89 W/m2 and it becomes −75 W/m2 in the East China Sea. This increase in values of the net heat flux comes mostly from the turbulent fluxes which are strongly dependent on the wind speed, which fluctuates largely during the winter season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007891608585
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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