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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 32-channel preamplifier chip for the multiplicity vertex detector at PHENIX (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1684-1687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TGV32, a 32-channel preamplifier–multiplicity discriminator chip for the multiplicity vertex detector (MVD) at PHENIX, is a unique silicon preamplifier in that it provides both an analog output for storage in an analog memory and a weighted summed-current output for conversion to a channel multiplicity count. The architecture and test results of the chip are presented. Details about the design of the preamplifier, discriminator, and programmable digital–analog converters performance as well as the process variations are presented. The chip is fabricated in a 1.2 μm, n-well, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149651
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthesia Clinical Directors in the United Kingdom: organisation, objectives and support needs (1999)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A postal survey of all 269 acute hospital trusts identified in the United Kingdom was carried out to study the work of Clinical Directors of anaesthesia. Initial responses from 163 Clinical Directors and 129 completed questionnaires were analysed. Four main areas of concern revealed by the survey were contracts and objectives, funding of managerial sessions, access to information and perceived need for support. Most Clinical Directors had no job description and most had no formal written objectives, despite a substantial body of advice that these should be provided. There was generally substantial underfunding of managerial hours compared with those actually worked and approximately 20% of Clinical Directors surveyed had no funding for managerial duties. Clinical Directors' ratings of the information available to assist their decision making were also a cause of concern. Clinical Directors perceived that they need better networking, more training particularly on human resource management and improved management information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00960.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total electron scattering cross section for Cl2 (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 682-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Absolute measurements of the total electron scattering cross section, σsc,t(cursive-epsilon), for chlorine, Cl2, are reported for electron energies, cursive-epsilon, ranging from 0.3 to 23 eV. The present data are in reasonable agreement with previous measurements of the cross sections for total electron scattering and total rotational excitation, and indicate significant indirect vibrational excitation due to negative ion resonances. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Mechanically Checked Proof of a Multiprocessor Result via a Uniprocessor View (1999)
    Springer
    Formal methods in system design 14 (1999), S. 213-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8102
    Keywords: concurrency ; compositional semantics ; non-blocking ; progress property ; formal methods ; software verification ; ACL2 ; Unity ; automatic theorem proving
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We describe a mechanically checked correctness proof for a system of n processes, each running a simple, non-blocking counter algorithm. We prove that if the system runs longer than 5n steps, the counter is increased. The theorem is formalized in applicative Common Lisp and proved with the ACL2 theorem prover. The value of this paper lies not so much in the trivial algorithm addressed as in the method used to prove it correct. The method allows one to reason accurately about the behavior of a concurrent, multiprocess system by reasoning about the sequential computation carried out by a selected process, against a memory that is changed externally. Indeed, we prove general lemmas that allow shifting between the multiprocess and uniprocess views. We prove a safety property using a multiprocess view, project the property to a uniprocess view, and then prove a global progress property via a local, sequential computation argument. Our uniprocessor view is a formal compositional semantics for a shared memory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008624904634
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arylsulfatase activity of microbial biomass in soils as affected by cropping systems (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Arylsulfatase activity ; Chloroform-fumigation method ; Biomass enzymes ; Crop rotations ; N fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The impacts of crop rotations and N fertilization on different pools of arylsulfatase activity (total, intracellular, and extracellular) were studied in soils of two long-term field experiments in Iowa to assess the contibution of the microbial biomass to the activity of this enzyme. Surface-soil samples were taken in 1996 and 1997 in corn, soybeans, oats, or meadow (alfalfa) plots that received 0 or 180 kg N ha–1 before corn, and an annual application of 20 kg P ha–1 and 56 kg K ha–1. The arylsulfatase activity in the soils was assayed at optimal pH (acetate buffer, pH 5.8) before and after chloroform fumigation; microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic) were determined by chloroform-fumigation methods. All pools of arylsulfatase activity in soils were significantly affected by crop rotation and plant cover at sampling time, but not by N fertilization. Generally, the highest total, intracellular, and extracellular arylsulfatase activities were obtained in soils under cereal-meadow rotations, taken under oats or meadow, and the lowest under continuous cropping systems.Total, intracellular, and extracellular arylsulfatase activities were significantly correlated with Cmic (r〉0.41, P〈0.01) and Nmic (r〉0.38, P〈0.01) in soils. The averages of specific activity values, i.e., of arylsulfatase activity of the microbial biomass, expressed per milligram Cmic, ranged from 315 to 407 μg p-nitrophenol h–1. The total arylsulfatase activity was significantly correlated with the intracellular activity, with r values 〉0.79 (P〈0.001). In general, about 45% of the total arylsulfatase activity was extracellular, and 55% was associated with the microbial biomass in soils, indicating the importance of the microflora as an enzyme source in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Semidefinite Programming with Application to Quadratic Optimization with Pure Quadratic Equality Constraints (1999)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics & optimization 40 (1999), S. 191-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0606
    Keywords: Key words. Dynamical systems, Semidefinite programming, Quadratic optimization, Quadratic equality constraints. AMS Classification. 90C26, 90C30, 58F40.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper considers the problem of minimizing a quadratic cost subject to purely quadratic equality constraints. This problem is tackled by first relating it to a standard semidefinite programming problem. The approach taken leads to a dynamical systems analysis of semidefinite programming and the formulation of a gradient descent flow which can be used to solve semidefinite programming problems. Though the reformulation of the initial problem as a semidefinite pro- gramming problem does not in general lead directly to a solution of the original problem, the initial problem is solved by using a modified flow incorporating a penalty function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002459900122
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobilization of metal-contaminated sediment by ice-jam floods (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 37 (1999), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Metals ; Sediment ; Contamination ; Ice jam ; Floods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A large river ice jam and associated flooding in February 1996 on the Blackfoot and Clark Fork Rivers of western Montana mobilized large amounts of fine-grained sediment. Metal concentrations in sediment downstream from a reservoir containing large amounts of contaminated sediment were enriched in metals after the ice jam, while open reaches above the reservoir were diluted by ice-jam processes. This varied response shows the importance of understanding ice jam events to sediment and metal transport and suggests that ice jams must be considered as important agents affecting sediment metal concentrations in rivers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050365
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm for ventilator-associated pneumonia (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1072-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Ventilator-associated pneumonia ; Microbial biofilm ; Antibiotic resistance ; Endotracheal tube ; Medical device
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between, and antibiotic resistance of, endotracheal tube (ET) biofilm and pulmonary pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).¶Setting: General intensive care units in two university teaching hospitals.¶Design: The microbiology of ET biofilm and tracheal samples from patients with and without VAP were compared. For individual patients, matching pairs of pathogens were confirmed as identical and characterised for antibiotic susceptibility.¶Patients: 40 intensive care unit patients – 20 with VAP, 20 without VAP as control. The duration of intubation (median and range) was 6.5 days (3–17) and 5 days (2–10), respectively.¶Measurements and results: Samples of tracheal secretions were taken during ventilation for bacteriological culture. Following extubation, ETs were examined for the presence of biofilm. Isolates of high pathogenic potential included Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonads and Candida spp. Where the same microorganism was found on tracheal and ET samples by phenotyping, these were confirmed as identical by genotyping and characterised for antibiotic susceptibility in both the free floating and biofilm forms. Seventy per cent of patients with VAP had identical pathogens isolated from both ET biofilm and tracheal secretions. No pairing of pathogens was observed in control patients (p 〈 0.005). Susceptibility data for these pairs show that the ET acts as a reservoir for infecting microorganisms which exhibit significantly greater antibiotic resistance than their tracheal counterparts.¶Conclusion: This investigation provides further evidence for the role of ET biofilm in VAP. The difficulty in eradicating an established microbial biofilm using antibiotics implies that increased attention must be directed towards modification of the ET to prevent or substantially reduce biofilm formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser photochromic velocimetry estimation of the vorticity and pressure field – two-dimensional flow in a curved vessel (1999)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 26 (1999), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Laser photochromic velocimetry was successfully used to determine details of a steady two-dimensional flow field. In the plane of symmetry of a 90° curved tube at a Reynolds number of 250, the axial and radial velocity fields were measured using laser photochromic velocimetry combined with a technique involving interpolation of the photochromic data. The wall shear stress, vorticity, and pressure field were also estimated. The experimental results were compared with those from numerical simulation. The agreement was remarkably good lending validity to the interpolation method used for this flow field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050264
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of PVD Parameters for the Deposition of Ultrahard Ti–Si–B–N Coatings (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 7 (1999), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Ti–Si–B–N coatings ; magnetron sputtering ; SHS targets ; microhardness ; wear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Multicomponent Ti–Si–B–N coatings were deposited on high-speed steel (HSS) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using a SHS TiB + 20 wt% Si target. The influences of the substrate temperature, bias voltage, and nitrogen partial pressure on the structure and the elemental compositions of the films were studied. The films were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Auger spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of HRTEM analysis indicated the formation of an ordered–disordered structure with fine crystalline grains of hexagonal Ti(B,N) x phase and amorphous integrain layers. The stoichiometry of the Ti(B,N) x phase was strongly affected by PVD process parameters. The films were characterized in terms of their microhardness and wear resistance. The reasons for the high value of microhardness appear to be the result of stoichiometric phase composition, compressive residual stress, and dense and fine microstructure of the Ti–Si–B–N coatings. The tribological wear test results indicated the superior wear-resistant properties of Ti–Si–B–N coatings compared to TiN and Ti(C,N) coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021873314381
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