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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Cell wall ; Osmotic stress ; Oxidative insolubilization ; Pinus (root turgor) ; Root polypeptides ; Turgor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The cell walls in the new white roots of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were observed to constrict around the shrinking protoplast of osmotically stressed roots, and pressure was maintained via an apparent adjustment of cell-wall size and elasticity. These elastic alterations of the cell wall permitted the root cells to maintain full turgor despite the loss of most of the water in the tissue. The constriction of the root cell wall around the dehydrating protoplasts to maintain turgor may reflect changes in cell wall structure. We found that these shrinking root cells synthesize and secrete into the intercellular fluid a set of proteins. These proteins become tightly associated (i.e. guanidine HCl- and sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble) with the cell wall but can be released from the matrix, after briefly boiling in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, by the combination of guanidine HCl, CaCl2 and dithiothreitol. However, these cell-wall proteins became insoluble with time. The proteins could subsequently be destructively extracted from the wall with acid NaClO2 treatments. After these proteins were incorporated into the cell walls, the roots adopted a new, smaller maximal tissue volume and elastic coefficients returned to normal levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cross-cultural gerontology 14 (1999), S. 357-371 
    ISSN: 1573-0719
    Keywords: China ; Family support ; Financial needs ; Health care needs ; Rural elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract This study examined family support, financial needs, and health care needs of 100 elderly persons in a rural county in China. Data revealed that immediate family members helped elderly persons with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and that adult children also provided financial assistance to most of the elderly. However, only eight percent of the elderly persons reported that they had adequate financial resources. In the four villages surveyed, collective health care systems had collapsed in the early 1980's. Due to high costs of health care and the absence of government support, almost two thirds of the elderly persons had unmet needs for health care. In addition, elderly persons who reported poor health were more likely to have unmet financial and health care needs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Keywords: chronic PTSD ; course of PTSD ; predictors ; comorbid PTSD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the course of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 54 patients with another anxiety disorder. Using a prospective longitudinal design, the present study found that during the first 5 years of follow-up the probability of full remission from a chronic episode of PTSD was .18. Findings from this and other research confirm clinical impressions that a substantial number of people never fully remit from their PTSD even after many years. Variables associated with a longer time to remit from an episode of chronic PTSD were a history of alcohol abuse and a history of childhood trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 96 (1999), S. 570-577 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words Gene therapy • Viral vectors • Retinal degeneration • Adenovirus • Adeno-associated virus ; Schlüsselwörter Gentherapie • Virale Vektoren • Netzhautdegenerationen • Adenovirus • Adeno-assoziiertes Virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Fragestellung: Die ständig wachsenden Erkenntnisse über die molekularen Ursachen vieler Augenkrankheiten eröffnen auch neue Therapiemöglichkeiten. Wie kann die fortschreitende Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation für die Entwicklung einer Gentherapie genutzt werden? Material und Methoden: Der Gentransfer kann bei rezessiven Erkrankungen für den Genersatz, bei dominanten Erkrankungen für die gezielte Inaktivierung, bei degenerativen Erkrankungen für die Expression von sogenannten „rescue factors“ oder zur Apoptosismodulation, bei proliferativen Erkrankungen für die Expression von „suicide genes“ und bei immunologischen Erkrankungen zur Immunmodulation genutzt werden. Allen Strategien ist die Übertragung von Fremd-DNA in ein Zielgewebe des Auges durch ein Vektorsystem gemeinsam. Ergebnisse: Vor allem virale Vektorsysteme sind bereits für den Gentransfer am Auge untersucht worden: Adenovirus (AV), Adeno-assoziiertes Virus (AAV), Encapsidated adenovirus minichromosomes (EAMs), Herpes-simplex-Virus (HSV) und Lentiviren. Für den Gentransfer in die Netzhaut hat AAV zur Zeit das größte Potential. Die Transduktionseffizienz der Vektorsysteme, ihre Vor- und Nachteile, die verwendeten Tiermodelle und der Stand der Forschung werden diskutiert. Schlußfolgerung: Der Gentransfer ist auch in der Augenheilkunde ein vielversprechender aber immer noch experimenteller Therapieansatz.
    Notes: Background: Research into the molecular and genetic basis of disease is continually expanding. How does the increasing knowledge about the genetic basis of eye diseases contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies? Materials and methods: Gene therapy, here defined as the introduction of genetic material into human cells, offers great opportunities. Gene transfer strategies can be used for gene replacement in recessive disease, gene inactivation in dominant disease, expression of “rescue factors” and apoptosis modulators in degenerative disease, “suicide genes” for example in proliferative diseases and expression of immunmodulatory factors in immunological disorders. Viral vector systems have been developed to introduce the gene of interest into the target cell. Results: Most of the published strategies include the use of vectors for gene transfer. Adenovirus (AV), adenoassociated virus (AAV), encapsulated adenovirus mini-chromosomes (EAMs), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and lentiviruses are the most frequently used viral vector systems to date. Their advantages and disadvantages, the in vivo models used for gene transfer in retinal degeneration, and the results obtained to date by different research groups in the field will be reviewed. Conclusions: Gene transfer into ocular tissues has been demonstrated with growing functional success and may develop into a new therapeutic tool for clinical ophthalmology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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