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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 546-554 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mammakarzinom ; Tumorstaging ; Bildgebende Verfahren ; Vergleichende Studien ; Key words Breast ; Breast carcinoma ; Staging ; Imaging modalities ; Comparative studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In women with breast cancer, staging of the tumor plays an important role and often is considered to be the most prognostic and therapeutic factor. The most widely used staging system is based on the pathologic TNM classification. In recent years conservative therapies such as preoperative chemo- or radiotherapy are used more often with limited tissue evaluation resulting in insufficient or even inaccurate staging data. Tumor size as well as nodal involvement is decisive in selecting a treatment method and assessing the response. Thus, more accurate preoperative in vivo staging is necessary. This article therefore gives an overview of the different imaging modalities (mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine) used for breast cancer staging. Furthermore, results of these methods are compared critically with the pathohistologic staging.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Tumorstaging zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose eines Mammakarzinoms beeinflußt die Therapie und die Prognose entscheidend. Die am häufigsten verwendete Methode des Tumorstagings beruht auf der pathologischen TNM-Klassifikation. Die in letzter Zeit forcierten Therapieformen wie präoperative Chemotherapie bzw. Strahlentherapie ermöglichen keine pathologische Erfassung der Tumorgröße oder des Lyphknotenstatus. Dabei ist die exakte Größenbestimmung eines Tumors sowie der Nachweis von Lymphknotenmetastasen für die Wahl und das Ansprechen einer Therapie entscheidend. Die Suche nach bildgebenden Verfahren für ein optimales prätherapeutisches In-vivo-Staging gewinnt somit an Bedeutung. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden bildgebenden Methoden (Mammographie, Sonographie, MRT und nuklearmedizinische Verfahren) des Tumorstagings beim Mammakarzinom geben und deren Einsatz im Vergleich zum derzeit geltenden Goldstandard kritisch betrachten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: preimplantation diagnosis ; chromosome 13, 18, and 21 aneuploidies ; FISH ; first and second polar bodies ; IVF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: We previously demonstrated that aneuploidy-free oocytes may be preselected by testing the first and second polar bodies removed from oocytes following their maturation and fertilization. The present paper describes the results of the application of the method in 659 in vitro fertilization cycles from patients of advanced maternal age. Methods: Using micromanipulation techniques, 3943 oocytes were tested by polar body sampling and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis using specific probes for chromosomes 13, 18, and 21. Results: Fluorescent in situ hybridization results were available for 3217 (81.6%) of 3943 oocytes studied, of which 1388 (43.1%) had aneuploidies; 35.7% of the aneuploidies were of first meiotic division origin, and 26.1% of second meiotic division origin. Most errors in the first meiotic division were represented by chromatid malsegregation. The transfer of embryos deriving from 1558 of 1829 aneuploidy-free oocytes in 614 treatment cycles resulted in 131 clinical pregnancies and 88 healthy children born after confirmation of the polar body diagnosis. Conclusions: Polar body testing of oocytes provides an accurate and reliable approach for prevention of age-related aneuploidies in in vitro fertilization patients of advanced maternal age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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