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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NADPH-diaphorase and NOS enzymatic activities in some neurons of reptilian gut and their relationships with two neuropeptides (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 199 (1999), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Reptiles ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Nitric oxide ; VIP ; Galanin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of neurons containing the enzymes NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been studied in the gastrointestinal tract of lizard (Podarcis s. sicula) and snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). The techniques employed were the NADPH-d/nitroblue tetrazolium histochemical method, and the indirect immunofluorescence applied to cryostat sections and to whole-mount preparations. The colocalization of NADPH-d with NOS, with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and with galanin (Gal) was also studied, and a Western blot analysis using an antibody directed against mammalian Gal was performed on lizard stomach extracts. NADPH-d positive nerve cell bodies and fibres were found in the myenteric and submucous plexuses throughout the gastrointestinal tract of both reptiles. These nerve structures were also present in the other intramural nerve plexuses, although in smaller quantities. Both in lizard and snake, the stomach revealed a positive nerve population that was more dense than elsewhere in the gut. The population of the NADPH-d-positive neurons observed in the lizard was larger than that observed in the snake. The distribution of both populations was similar to those that have been described in the gut of several mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates. Both in lizard and snake, a one-to-one correspondence was noted between NOS- and NADPH-d-containing nerve cell bodies, and the nitrergic neurons containing Gal appeared to be more numerous than those containing VIP. Western blot analysis recognised a single band with a molecular weight (3.4 kDa) very similar to that of porcine Gal. It is hypothesised that at least some of the nitrergic neurons of the lizard and snake gut are inhibitory motor neurons innervating the circular smooth musculature. In addition, the colocalization of NOS and VIP in neurons enhances their inhibitory action. The role of the neurons containing both NOS and Gal remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050238
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostik und Therapie der hämorrhagischen Diathese in der perioperativen Situation (1999)
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 4 (1999), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Blutungsneigung ; Hämorrhagische Diathese ; Erworbene und angeborene Thrombopathien ; Plasmatische Gerinnungstörungen ; DDAVP ; Key words Bleeding tendency ; Hemorrhagic diathesis ; Acquired and congenital qualitative platelet disorders ; Blood coagulation disorders ; Deamino-d-arginine vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In surgical procedures associated with high blood loss, such as vascular and cardiac operations, differential diagnosis and therapy of perioperative hemorrhage are of special importance. Preoperative screening for patients at high risk of bleeding and in particular for those with qualitative platelet disorders [drug-induced platelet disorders (in particular ASS), von Willebrand's disease and other congenital platelet disorders] is effective in minimizing blood loss. Bleeding in acute medical emergencies or during emergency operations may require treatment without specific investigations being performed in advance. Therefore, simple schemes are essential for the rapid management of acute hemostatic problems. The aim of this paper was to address the diagnostic and therapy of hemorrhagic diathesis focusing mainly on diagnosis and therapy of hemorrhagic diathesis due to blood platelet disorders and blood coagulation disorders and preoperative identification of patients at increased risk of bleeding.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Differentialdiagnostik und Therapie von perioperativen Blutungen besitzt in der Gefäß- und Kardiochirurgie bei Eingriffen mit hohen Blutverlusten einen besonderen Stellenwert. So ist es sinnvoll, Patienten mit einem erhöhten Blutungsrisiko bereits präoperativ zu erfassen und adäquat vorzubereiten. Insbesondere die präoperative Erfassung von Thrombopathien [medikamenteninduzierte Thrombopathien (insbesondere durch ASS), von-Willebrand-Jürgens-Syndrom, andere angeborene Thrombopathien] ist bei der Minimierung von Blutverlusten effektiv. Nicht elektive Situationen (Blutung bei Notoperationen, Akutpatienten) müssen oft ohne gezielte hämostaseologische Diagnostik rational therapiert werden. Einfache Schemata sind für ein schnelles Handeln unabdingbar. In dieser Arbeit soll versucht werden, Hinweise zu Diagnostik und Therapie der hämorrhagischen Diathese mit den Schwerpunkten: Diagnostik und Therapie der thrombozytär bedingten hämorrhagischen Diathese und Diagnostik und Therapie der plasmatisch bedingten hämorrhagischen Diathese aus hämostaseologisch-transfusionsmedizinischer Sicht zu vermitteln. Ein für den Routinebetrieb auf chirurgischen Stationen anwendbares Schema zur präoperativen Erfassung von Patienten mit erhöhtem Blutungsrisiko sowie erste Erfahrungen damit werden vorgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010539
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective assembly of cyclodextrins on poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 13 (1999), S. 373-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: host–guest complexes ; molecular necklace ; molecular recognition ; molecular self-assembly ; molecular solvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a computational study on the formation of a molecular necklace formed by specific threading of cyclodextrins (CDs) on block copolymers. Structural as well as energetic principles for the selective complexation of α- and β-cyclodextrin with poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers (PEO–PPO) are elucidated considering a diblock copolymer of equimolecular composition (PEO)4–(PPO)4 as guest. A non-statistical distribution of CDs, i.e. α-CDs primarily located on the PEO chain and β-CDs on PPO blocks of the polymer, is based on a variety of structural features and energetic preferences considering both potential as well as solvation energies. This selectivity becomes already obvious considering 1:1 complexes between PEO and PPO monomers and the two CDs, but is increasingly evident when calculating higher order ensembles. Besides the host–guest interaction, docking between CDs themselves is an important, also non-statistical, prerequisite for the self-assembly of highly ordered tubes. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between adjacent CDs in a tubular aggregate gives an important contribution to the overall stability of the molecular necklace. The net effect, based on the preferential interaction between host and guest as well as between the host molecules themselves, results in the formation of a stable, highly ordered macromolecular, multicomponent aggregate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008095501870
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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