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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Looping mechanism in Er-doped fluoroindogallate glasses (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8264-8267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work we report a room temperature green upconversion in Er-doped fluoroindogallate glasses, pumped at 833 nm. The rise time and stationary intensity of the 4S3/2+2H11/2→4I15/2 Er3+ transition as a function of laser intensity were monitored. Some possible pumping mechanisms are discussed in detail, and it is concluded that the main pumping route may be described in terms of the looping mechanism. It is also shown that cross relaxation among neighboring pairs of Er3+ ions is near the threshold value to achieve the photon avalanche region. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373536
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitionless enhanced confinement and the role of radial electric field shear (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 615-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Evidence is presented for the role of radial electric field shear in enhanced confinement regimes attained without sharp bifurcations or transitions. Temperature scans at constant density, created in the reheat phase following deuterium pellet injection into supershot plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [J. D. Strachan, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1004 (1987)] are simulated using a physics-based transport model. The slow reheat of the ion temperature profile, during which the temperature nearly doubles, is not explained by relatively comprehensive models of transport due to Ion Temperature Gradient Driven Turbulence (ITGDT), which depends primarily on the (unchanging) electron density gradient. An extended model, including the suppression of toroidal ITGDT by self-consistent radial electric field shear, does reproduce the reheat phase. The extended reheat at constant density is observed in supershot but not L-Mode plasmas. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873867
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear evolution of double tearing modes in tokamaks (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4112-4120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Δ′ formalism with neoclassical modifications has proven to be a useful tool in the study of tearing modes in high β, collisionless plasmas. In this paper the formalism developed for the inclusion of neoclassical effects on tearing modes in monotonic q-profile plasmas is extended to plasmas with hollow current profiles and double rational surfaces. First, the classical formalism of tearing modes in the Rutherford regime in low beta plasmas is extended to q profiles with two rational surfaces and it is shown that this formalism is readily extended to include neoclassical effects. The evolution of a double tearing mode on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor is then simulated. Reasonable agreement is found for the outer island, but the stabilizing effect of the neoclassical term is overly large for the inner island. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289893
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Salmon Patties Compared with Capsules (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This sequential treatment trial compared the bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from salmon patties fortified with fish oil (DHA:EPA ratio = 1.8, total DHA + EPA about 2.2 g), unfortified salmon patties (DHA:EPA ratio = 1.9, total DHA + EPA about 1.1 g), and fish oil capsules (DHA:EPA ratio = 1.6, total DHA + EPA = 500 mg) in healthy older adults. Fortified salmon patties produced a significantly higher mean incremental area under the curve (AUCfasting-9 h) than unfortified patties for plasma EPA (37.6 in contrast to 12.9 μg·h/mL, p= 0.017), for plasma DHA (103.7 in contrast to 40.8 μg·h/mL, p= 0.035) and for plasma EPA + DHA (141.2 in contrast to 53.7 μg·h/mL, p= 0.031). Plasma EPA and DHA responses were larger with the fortified than the unfortified patties, indicating that fish oil incorporated into the salmon patties was bioavailable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08238.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of severe anaemia in a Jehovah's Witness (2000)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.1338a.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root defects following air polishing (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim: Air-polishing devices (APDs) are highly effective in removing plaque and extrinsic staining. Their application on root surfaces, however, may result in clinically relevant substance removal, limiting the use in patients with periodontitis, where denuded root surfaces are frequently found. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the influence of different working parameters on root damage and to identify those minimizing root damage.Material and methods: Defect depth and defect volume after instrumentation of roots with an APD (Dentsply Prophy-Jet®) using conventional NaHCO3 powder at instrumentation times of 5, 10 and 20 s, combinations of low, medium and high powder and water settings, distances of 2, 4 and 6 mm, and angulations of 45° and 90° were quantified laseroptically. A total of 297 roots were instrumented and parameter combinations were performed in triplicate. The influence of each working parameter on substance loss was determined by multiple regression analysis.Results: Time had the greatest influence on defect volume and depth (β-weights 0.6 and 0.57, respectively), when compared with powder setting (β-weights 0.49 and 0.3) and water setting (β-weights 0.28 and 0.3). Variations in distance affected defect depth (β-weight 0.44), but not volume (β-weight 0.04). No major differences were found at 45° and 90°. Various parameter combinations led to maximal defect depths of 473.5 ± 26.2 µm within 20 s.Conclusion: Root damage varies among combinations of working parameters. Using the APD with the assessed NaHCO3 powder, all parameter combinations led to substantial root damage. Thus, APDs using NaHCO3 may not be safely utilized on exposed root surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.300204.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro evaluation of novel low abrasive air polishing powders (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim of the study: Though efficient in stain and plaque removal, air polishing is highly abrasive on root cementum or dentin even if working parameters are adjusted to minimize damage. As abrasiveness is also influenced by the physical properties of the powders used, the aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of novel low abrasive air polishing powders in vitro.Material and methods: Using four novel air polishing powders (A, B, C and D) and a standard sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) powder, roots of 126 extracted teeth were air polished under standardized conditions at various working parameter combinations (distance: 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm; powder and water setting: low, medium and high) at an angulation of 90° for 20 s. Instrumentation was performed in triplicate; resulting root defects were quantified laser-optically.Results: Mean defect depths after application of powders A, B, C and D were significantly lower than with standard powder (A: 17.9 ± 10.9 µm, B: 48.2 ± 32.7 µm, C: 92.5 ± 57.9 µm, D: 33.9 ± 19.6 µm, NaHCO3: 163.1 ± 71.1 µm) (Kruskal–Wallis test). Among the experimental powders, D was transported most reliably in the air polishing unit and allowed complete removal of disclosed plaque as assessed on freshly extracted teeth.Conclusion: The novel air polishing powder D is of low abrasiveness to root cementum and dentin while being effective in removing dental plaque. Thus, it may be useful for safe and efficient plaque removal on exposed root surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.300102.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-assembly and structure transformations in living polymers forming fibrils (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 17 (2000), S. 499-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 36.20.Ey Conformation (statistics and dynamics) - 61.46.+w Clusters, nanoparticles, and nanocrystalline materials - 87.15.-v Biomolecules: structure and physical properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The classical isodesmic one-dimensional model for equilibrium polymerization is generalized in order to describe self-assembly in systems forming fibrils. The model was applied to peptide solutions forming -sheet tapes which can further aggregate into stacks of various thickness: double tapes and fibrils (several double tapes stacked together). We found that in some cases the model yields several step-like transitions as the concentration increases: first from monomers to single or double tapes, and then to fibrils. The abruptness of the first transition is controlled by the free energy penalty for transformation of a peptide from random coil to a straight -strand conformation (the latter is characteristic for tapes). If both single and double tapes are allowed, the length of the aggregates after the first transition can be very large with high scission energies. For very low energies of attraction between double tapes, the transition from double tapes to fibrils happens separately (above the first transition), and it is even more abrupt and produces extremely long fibrils. The theoretical findings are used to extract the characteristic molecular parameters for the self-assembly of the de novo peptide DN1 forming polymeric -sheets in water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510070128
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 65 (2000), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: carbon monoxide ; traffic management ; transport mode ; GIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The exposure to CO of schoolchildren was assessed in the town of Northampton, UK, both by direct measurement and by GIS-based activity modelling. Personal measurement of CO showed that exposures when travelling by car were significantly greater than those when walking, although journey times by car were shorter. However, journey exposures had little effect on maximum 8h mean CO exposures. CO concentration fields in the study area were modelled from current traffic flows, and those expected under different traffic management scenarios. These fields were then used, in combination with children's home and school location, and their activity profiles, to simulate frequency distributions of exposure for different transport modes and traffic management scenarios. The results show a large variability in the effect of traffic management interventions, depending on the child's home and school location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006431301620
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