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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation and growth of gold on silicon oxide in one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional arrays (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7261-7265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The granular film deposition of gold atoms by means of thermal evaporation on silicon oxide surfaces is known to produce nanometer-scale islands which show electrical characteristics dominated by Coulomb blockade. Here we report on the growth and the simulation of structures produced by a combination of evaporation and lithography. A lithographic technique is used to define a region of a width of several nm that is surrounded by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The PMMA confines the diffusion of the atoms, and the growth process is characterized by different boundary conditions compared with the case where atoms are deposited on a macroscopic surface. This method enables us to create quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) and 1D structures in which the gold islands are arranged in a single row where the lateral size is only a few nanometers. Such structures offer the possibility of studying Coulomb blockade in 1D arrays and a signature of self-organized growth is observed in such structures. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372978
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urgent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and sickle cell trait (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01727-18.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ENGINEERING METHOD TO EVALUATE THE CRISP TEXTURE OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of texture studies 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4603
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Precise measurements of the deformation and fracture behaviour of food can be difficult because of problems associated with the produce, for example, sample preparation, gripping, size and geometry. The aim of this study was to characterise fruits and vegetables in terms of fracture properties using an established engineering test method and geometry, the Single-Edge Notched Bend (SENB). The SENB geometry was found to be readily applicable to crisp food produce such as carrots, celery, and apples, which exhibit linear elastic behaviour up to fracture. Fracture toughness and fracture energies were found to be in the range 10–50 kPa m1/2 and 40–400 Jm−2, respectively. The structure of these materials was confirmed, using confocal microscopy, and related to the observed fracture behaviour. Cell size and intercellular spaces influenced the values of fracture toughness and fracture energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.2000.tb00302.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology Eel fat stores are enough to reach the Sargasso (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has long been assumed that the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) migrates to the Sargasso Sea — a region of the Atlantic Ocean between the Azores and the West Indies — to spawn. During the past decade, however, the number of glass eels has inexplicably dropped, and it has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35003110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Audiences of New Comedy (2000)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Greece and Rome 47 (2000), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0017-3835
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Archaeology , Classical Studies
    Notes: There is a school of thought which attributes the more refined discourse of New Comedy (compared with that of the Old) at least in part to a change in the composition of Athenian theatre audiences. This way of thinking assumes that payment for attending theatre performances (the so-called theōrikon) was discontinued along with other payments for i public service under the oligarchic regimes Macedonia imposed upon Athens in the late fourth century B.C.; and it further assumes that with the elimination of this subsidy many of the poor could no longer afford to attend the theatre. The first of these assumptions, that the audiences for New Comedy did not receive theōrikon payments, is reasonable enough, but the second assumption, that the poor therefore stopped coming to the theatre, is more problematic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gr/47.2.169
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of an essential oilcontaining antiseptic mouthrinse on plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Clinical studies in which antimicrobial mouthrinses were shown to have significant antiplaque activity most frequently have used gingivitis as the clinically relevant endpoint. However, there is evidence to suggest that mouthrinses containing active agents effective against Streptococcus mutans, such as chlorhexidine, may also have a rôle in inhibiting dental caries. This clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of 2×-daily rinsing with an essential oilcontaining antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine® Antiseptic) on levels of recoverable S. mutans and total streptococci in supragingival interproximal plaque and in saliva. Additionally, a follow-up in vitro study is reported which determined whether a differential susceptibility to the antiseptic mouthrinse exists among different strains of streptococci.Method: Following baseline saliva and plaque sampling for quantification of recoverable S. mutans and total streptococci, 29 qualifying subjects were randomly assigned either the essential oil mouthrinse or a sterile water control. They rinsed with 20 ml for 30 s 2×daily for 11 days and once on the 12th day, in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedures. On day 12, saliva and plaque samples were again collected and microbiological quantification performed. The procedures were repeated with the alternate rinse after a 1-week washout period.Results: The essential oil mouthrinse produced respective reductions of 69.9% and 75.4% in total recoverable streptococci and in S. mutans in plaque, and corresponding reductions of 50.8% and 39.2% in saliva. The in vitro study revealed that streptococci from the mutans group were more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of the essential oil mouthrinse than streptococci from the mitis group.Conclusions: As antimicrobial mouthrinses are most frequently recommended to patients whose mechanical oral hygiene procedures are not adequate for the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis, this study provides an additional rationale for the inclusion of the essential-oil mouthrinse as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027003157.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of turgor pressure on the cutting energy of stored potato tissue (2000)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 210 (2000), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Keywords: Key words Potato ; Cell turgor pressure ; Storage ; Confocal scanning laser microscopy ; Cutting energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Potato tissue samples with varying cell turgor pressures were prepared by soaking them in mannitol solutions (0 M to 0.9 M). Increased concentration of mannitol in the soaking solutions decreased the cell turgor pressure in potato tissues, providing samples with varying degrees of turgidity or plasmolysis. The firmness of potato tissues with different turgor pressures was periodically examined over a 12-week period using cutting tests. The occurrence of incipient plasmolysis was evident after soaking in 0.7 M mannitol solution as supported either by microscopic observations or cutting energy values. The cell turgor pressure of unsoaked tissue decreased during the first 2 weeks, increased between 2 and 4 weeks and finally decreased again up to 12 weeks. The cutting energy of unsoaked tissue showed an inverse trend between 2 and 8 weeks, demonstrating the ability of this mechanical parameter to detect the increase of cell wall stiffness as a function of storage time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050559
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Landscape Ecology and Species Conservation (2000)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008156303757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DNA chip off the aging block (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 6 (2000), S. 507-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Understanding the mechanisms underlying the aging process remains one of the main unsolved problems of modern biology. Aging is a complex process involving many cell types, changing cell–cell interactions and in humans, long periods of study. Of necessity, most research on human aging has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/74983
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caspase 8 is deleted or silenced preferentially in childhood neuroblastomas with amplification of MYCN (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 6 (2000), S. 529-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Caspase 8 is a cysteine protease regulated in both a death-receptor-dependent and -independent manner during apoptosis. Here, we report that the gene for caspase 8 is frequently inactivated in neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor of the peripheral nervous system. The gene is silenced through DNA ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/75007
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