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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stable spin valve films with synthetic antiferromagnet pinned by NiMn for recording heads beyond 20 Gbit/in.2 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5720-5722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of spin valve films with synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) pinned by antiferromagnetic IrMn, NiO, and NiMn layers were studied. The SAF layer enhances the thermal stability in general; however, the blocking temperature (and the blocking temperature distribution) of the antiferromagnet is still important for the magnetic rigidity of the pinned layer. Once the temperature reaches the blocking temperature the SAF layer can go into either the spin flip or flop state, depending upon the magnetic moment ratio of the reference layer and pinned layers. The GMR linear head response can be distorted for nonlinearity. The NiMn pinned SAF structure shows magnetic and thermal stability which makes it practical for the real products. A high GMR of 11% can be obtained in both bottom and top NiMn SAF spin valves by advanced processes. Recording heads were built using such stacks which demonstrated recording areal density of 20 Gbit/in.2 and beyond. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372500
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of atomic-force-microscope direct patterning to selective positioning of InAs quantum dots on GaAs (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2607-2609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The application of atomic-force-microscope (AFM) direct patterning to the selective positioning of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on a (100) GaAs substrate has been proposed and experimentally implemented. The AFM direct patterning was used to generate various patterns of several tens of nanometers in size, and InAs QDs were subsequently grown by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. A nonuniform distribution of the QDs was observed near the patterns. The detailed shape of the QD distribution and the size of the QDs depended on the geometrical properties such as the sidewall angle, the spacing, and the width of the patterns. We have been able to ascertain, through our work, what growth conditions are necessary for QDs' alignment along the patterns. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318393
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of inulo-oligosaccharides from chicory juice by immobilized endoinulinase (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 22 (2000), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several carrier materials were examined for endoinulinase immobilization. A polystyrene carrier material (UF93®) gave the best immobilization capacity (217 units/g carrier) and operational stability. Carbohydrate compositions in the reaction product were quite similar irrespective of the support materials even though each carrier material has different pore structure associated with diffusional restriction. After immobilization the optimal pH for enzyme activity was shifted from 5.0 to 4.5, whereas optimal temperature (55 °C) was unaltered. Continuous production of inulo-oligosaccharides from chicory juice was carried out using the polystyrene-bound endoinulinase. The recommended operating conditions of the enzyme reactor for maximizing productivity were as follows: feed concentration, 100 g/l chicory juice; flow rate, as superficial space velocity 2.0 h−1; temperature, 55 °C. The enzyme reactor was run for 28 days at 55 °C achieving an oligosaccharide yield of 82% without any significant loss of initial enzyme activity, where the volumetric productivity was 200 g/l · h. Furthermore, there was no marked difference in operational stability between the two reactors fed with pure inulin solution and with chicory juice as a substrate even though chicory juice contains a lot of impurities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050718
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Ellagic Acid by Oral Administration on N-Acetylation and Metabolism of 2-Aminofluorene in Rat Brain Tissues (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 1503-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Ellagic acid ; 2-aminofluorene (AF) ; N-acetyltransferase (NAT) ; cerebrum ; cerebellum ; pineal gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that the Acetyl Coenzyme A-dependent arylamine NAT enzyme exist in many tissues of experimental animals including humans, and that NAT has been shown to be exist in mouse brain tissue. Increased NAT activity levels are associated with increased sensitivity to the mutagenic effects of arylamine carcinogens. Attenuation of liver NAT activity is related to breast and bladder cancer processes. Therefore, the effects of ellagic acid (EA) on the in vitro and in vivo N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (AF) were investigated in cerebrum, cerebellum and pineal gland tissues from male Sprague-Dawley rats. For in vitro examination, cytosols with or without EA (0.5–500 μM) co-treatment decreased 7–72%, 15–63% and 10–78% of AF acetylation for cerebrum, cerebellum and pineal gland tissues, respectively. For in vivo examination, EA and AF at the same time treated groups with all 3 examined tissues did show significant differences (the changes of total amounts of AF and AF metabolites based on the Anova analysis) when compared to the ones without EA cotreatment rats. The pretreatment of male rats with EA (10 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to the administration of AF (50 mg/kg) (one day of EA administration suffice to induce large changes in phase II enzyme activity) resulted in a 76% decrease in total AF and metabolites in pineal gland but did not show significant differences in cerebrum and cerebellum tissues. This is the first demonstration to show that EA decreases the N-acetylation of carcinogens in rat brain tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007632326953
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydration of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The hydration of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at 25 °C in controlled pH environments was investigated during 28 days of hydration. GGBFS was activated by NaOH, and it was found that the rate of reaction depends on the pH of the starting solution. The main product was identified as C-S-H, and, in the pastes with high pH, hydrotalcite was observed at later stages of hydration. The pH of the mixing solution should be higher than pH 11.5 to effectively activate the hydration of GGBFS. As deduced from very low electrical conductivity measurements, GGBFS pastes had very tortuous and disconnected pores. The effect of the pH of the aqueous solution on the composition, microstructure and properties of alkali-activated GGBFS pastes are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004742027117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature of poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 1097-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyphosphazene ; Thermosensitivity ; Lower critical solution temperature ; Surfactant effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups was examined in terms of molecular interactions between the polyphosphazenes and surfactants including various anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. Most of the anionic and cationic surfactants increased the LCST of the polymers: the LCST increased more sharply with increasing length and hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic part of the surfactant molecule. The ΔLCSTs (T 0.03M − T 0M), the change in the LCST by addition of 0 and 0.03 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were found to be 7.0 and 14.5 °C for the polymers bearing ethyl esters of glycine and aspartic acid, respectively. The LCST increase of poly(organophosphazene) having a more hydrophobic aspartic acid ethyl ester was 2 times larger compared with that of the polymer having glycine ethyl ester as a side group. The binding behavior of SDS to the polymer bearing glycine ethyl ester as a hydrophobic group was explained from the results of titration of the polymer solutions containing SDS with tetrapropylammonium bromide. Graphic models for the molecular interactions of polymer/surfactant and polymer/surfactant/salt in aqueous solutions were proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000368
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Univariate Bayesian nonparametric binary regression with application in environmental management (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental and ecological statistics 7 (2000), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3009
    Keywords: acid deposition ; Bayesian inference ; Dirichlet distribution ; fish response ; Gibbs sampler ; lake eutrophication ; PCB ; risk assessment ; salmonid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In environmental management, we often have to deal with binary response variables whose outcome dictates the course of action. This paper introduces a nonparametric Bayesian binary regression model with a single predictor variable that is more flexible than the commonly used logistic or probit models. Due to the Bayesian feature, the model can be easily used to combine observed data with our knowledge of the subject to produce site-specific results. By using three examples, this paper shows the potential application of the model in the environmental management, and its advantages in terms of flexibility in model specification, robustness to outliers, and realistic interpretation of data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009610913454
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