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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-organization of comblike copolymers with end-functionalized side chains: A cellular-automaton-based simulation (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 11069-11079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the cellular-automaton-based simulation technique, we study the processes of self-organization in the systems of comblike copolymers with strongly attracting groups located at the ends of side chains. It is found that at a certain critical association energy, dependent both on polymer volume fraction and on the chemical composition of the copolymers, a micellar phase is nucleated. For the combs with large linear grafting density, a weak extension of the macromolecules is observed as attraction between end groups is increased. We find that the micelle formation observed in the sufficiently dense systems is mainly a result of intermolecular association. From the analysis of the static structure factors and snapshot pictures, it is concluded that the system is spatially inhomogeneous on the intermediate length scales related to the average intermicellar distances. Strong attraction stabilizes the aggregates (multiplets) that serve as junction points of a temporary network (micellar gel). We observe the formation of a specific space-filling weblike network in which strongly attracting side-chain ends group into multiplets which are wrapped by neutral polymer sections connecting these multiplets. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accurate calibration technique for a resonant-mass gravitational wave detector (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4282-4285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The methodology for accurately calibrating the Niobe resonant-mass gravitational wave detector is presented. The transducer is based on a low noise resonant microwave cavity transducer that converts the displacement of the resonating mass to microwave energy. The calibration technique consists of a one off measurement of the microwave frequency versus resonant-mass displacement characteristic. To measure this accurately, known static forces were applied to the resonant mass and the change in the transducer microwave frequency was recorded. With the aid of finite element analysis and accurate measurements of the resonant-mass characteristics, the deflection due to the known force was calculated. The calculated deflections were verified coarsely with measurements from a calibrated linear variable differential transformer. Typically, the detector operates with a 1 mK noise temperature. A best noise temperature of 890 μK between 1300 and 2000 Universal Time Coordinate (UTC) for day 60 in 1997 is reported. The transducer has been upgraded with a new microwave amplifier, which has a measured electronic noise floor 40 dB lower than the previous amplifier, which is only 10 dB above the quantum limit. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319982
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon thin films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6317-6320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal conductivities Λ of amorphous carbon thin films are measured in the temperatures range 80–400 K using the 3ω method. Sample films range from soft a-C:H prepared by remote-plasma deposition (Λ=0.20 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature) to amorphous diamond with a large fraction of sp3 bonded carbon deposited from a filtered-arc source (Λ=2.2 W m−1 K−1). Effective-medium theory provides a phenomenological description of the variation of conductivity with mass density. The thermal conductivities are in good agreement with the minimum thermal conductivity calculated from the measured atomic density and longitudinal speed of sound. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314301
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanoscale pattern formation in Pt thin films due to ion-beam-induced dewetting (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3215-3217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atomic force microscopy is used to characterize the evolution of film morphology produced by heavy-ion bombardment. Pt films, 3 and 5 nm thick, are deposited on SiO2 substrates and subsequently bombarded by 800 keV Kr+. Ion doses of 〉2×1014 initiate pattern formation and the dewetting of Pt films from the substrate. The film morphology becomes increasingly disconnected with increasing dose; at the highest doses, (∼2×1016 cm−2), isolated nanoparticles are formed with a uniform spacing. The results are explained by the nucleation of bare substrate patches and subsequent coarsening of the morphology by the molten zones created by individual Kr+ impacts. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126633
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nicotine and caffeine, separately and in combination, on EEG topography, mood, heart rate, cortisol, and vigilance (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Effects of nicotine and caffeine, separately and in combination, were assessed in 12 male habitual smokers in a repeated-measures design. Caffeine (0-mg vs. two 150-mg doses administered in a decaffeinated/sugar-free cola drink post-baseline and 90 min later) was crossed with nicotine (ad libitum own dosing vs. 1.0-mg machine-delivered dose vs. 0.05-mg machine-delivered dose). Participants smoked a total of five cigarettes at 30-min intervals over a 2-hr period. Caffeine and nicotine had large effect sizes on electroencephalogram (EEG) power; however, these effects were modulated by the eyes open versus closed condition, the other drug, and electrode site. EEG effects of open versus closed eyes tended to be of the same size and direction as those of nicotine and caffeine. However, whereas nicotine increased EEG power in some higher frequency bands in some conditions, caffeine decreased EEG power across almost all conditions. Serum cortisol concentration, vigor, and pleasantness were increased by nicotine, but not by caffeine. Level of depressive mood depended on an interaction of caffeine and nicotine. Vigilance performance was enhanced significantly by caffeine and was increased almost significantly by nicotine. The findings were interpreted in terms of common and differential mechanisms of the two drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3750583
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recent data from our laboratory have shown a regionally specific increase in lipid peroxidation in postmortem progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) brain. To extend this finding, we measured activities of mitochondrial enzymes as well as tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in postmortem superior frontal cortex (Brodmann’s area 9; SFC) from 14 pathologically confirmed cases of PSP and 13 age-matched control brains. Significant decreases (-39%) in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex/glutamate dehydrogenase ratio and significant increases (+36%) in tissue MDA levels were observed in the SFC in PSP; no differences in complex I or complex IV activities were detected. Together, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation may underlie the frontal metabolic and functional deficits observed in PSP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740878.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobile globules in benign cystic teratoma of the ovary (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11592.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Newton valve revisited: an in-vitro study of ventilator circuit dead space (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 10 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the volume (length) of the ventilator circuit dead space (VCD) tubing at which dilution of an inspired gas by ventilator driving gas first occurs using three lung models. Various lengths of two VCD tubing materials [Portex (Sims Portex Ltd, Kent, UK) 10 mm bore smooth-walled silicon and Intersurgical (Wokingham, Berks, UK) 22 mm corrugated plastic] were interposed between a T-piece circuit and Nuffield 200 ventilator (Penlon, Abingdon, Oxon, UK) with a Newton valve attached. Dilution of inspired gas by the ventilator driving gas was first detected during ventilation of infant and child lung models when the VCD was 7 ml (6 cm) and 77 ml (102 cm), respectively, using Portex tubing, and 24 ml (6.5 cm) and 105 ml (29 cm), respectively, using Intersurgical tubing. No dilution occurred using the neonatal model. Dilution of the inspired anaesthetic gases by ventilator driving gas may occur in paediatric practice if the VCD volume (length) is inadequate. This risk is greatest in the child.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.00512.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Affairs: Racial Preferences and Racial Harmony (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00261
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Affairs (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0270.00243
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