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  • 2000-2004  (58)
  • 1965-1969
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  • 2000  (58)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of luminescent single ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles using fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1857-1859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We dispersed electrochemical etched Si into a colloid of ultrasmall blue luminescent nanoparticles, observable with the naked eye, in room light. We use two-photon near-infrared femtosecond excitation at 780 nm to record the fluctuating time series of the luminescence, and determine the number density, brightness, and size of diffusing fluorescent particles. The luminescence efficiency of particles is high enough such that we are able to detect a single particle, in a focal volume, of 1 pcm3. The measurements yield a particle size of 1 nm, consistent with direct imaging by transmission electron microscopy. They also yield an excitation efficiency under two-photon excitation two to threefold larger than that of fluorescein. Detection of single particles paves the way for their use as labels in biosensing applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126191
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Using autophosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) as substrate, we now find that long-term potentian (LTP) induction and maintenance are also associated with a significant decrease in calyculin A-sensitive protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase 2A) activity, without changes in Mg2+-dependent protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase 2C) activity. This decrease in protein phosphatase 2A activity was prevented when LTP induction was inhibited by treatment with calmidazolium or D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid. In addition, the application of high-frequency stimulation to 32P-labeled hippocampal slices resulted in increases in the phosphorylation of a 55-kDa protein immunoprecipitated with anti-phosphatase 2A antibodies. Use of a specific antibody revealed that the 55-kDa protein is the B′α subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Following purification of brain protein phosphatase 2A, the B′α subunit was phosphorylated by CaM kinase II, an event that led to the reduction of protein phosphatase 2A activity. These results suggest that the decreased activity in protein phosphatase 2A following LTP induction contributes to the maintenance of constitutively active CaM kinase II and to the long-lasting increase in phosphorylation of synaptic components implicated in LTP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.740807.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997 (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists (EAHP) and the Society for Hematopathology (SH) have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of haematological malignancies. The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic and mast cell neoplasms.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉DesignThe WHO project involves 10 committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) of international haematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsThe WHO has adopted the ‘Revised European–American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms’ (REAL), published in 1994 by the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG), as the classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of ‘real’ disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one ‘gold standard’. The WHO classification has applied the principles of the REAL classification to myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms. The classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The CAC meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail below. Among other things, the CAC concluded that clinical groupings of lymphoid neoplasms was neither necessary nor desirable. Patient treatment is determined by the specific type of lymphoma, with the addition of grade within the tumour type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index (IPI).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionThe experience of developing the WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world, which should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of haematological malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00895.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining Rational Choice and Evolutionary Dynamics: The Indirect Evolutionary Approach (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Metroeconomica 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-999X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this study we propose a formal framework for the indirect evolutionary approach initiated by Guth and Yaari. It allows us to endogenize preferences and to study their evolution. We define two-player indirect evolutionary games with observable types and show how to incorporate symmetric as well as asymmetric situations. We show how to apply solution concepts that are well known from game theory and evolutionary game theory to solve these games. For illustration we include two examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-999X.00090
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No effect of apolipoprotein E on neuronal cell death due to excitotoxic and apoptotic agents in vitro and neonatal hypoxic ischaemia in vivo (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Studies also suggest that the ε4 allele may be a risk factor for poor outcome following head trauma, brain haemorrhage and ischaemia. The mechanism by which the presence of an apoE ε4 allele and certain brain injuries act to predispose to Alzheimer's disease and poor outcome following brain injury is unknown. We questioned whether poor outcome after brain injury was due to direct modification by apoE protein and its gene variants of susceptibility to glutamate-mediated excitotoxic injury and apoptosis, mechanisms of cell death which occur following ischaemia and trauma. We investigated the effect of the presence or absence of endogenous murine apoE protein and different apoE isoforms in modification of the survival of murine embryonic cortical neurons exposed to the glutamate agonist, N-methyl- d-aspartic acid (NMDA) or apoptotic insult by staurosporine, and on the amount of brain injury sustained following a hypoxic-ischaemic insult in vivo to the brain of neonatal mice transgenically expressing human apoE ε3 or ε4. Our data provide evidence that apoE does not appear to alter neuronal viability following diverse types of acute neuronal insult, e.g. hypoxic-ischaemic or acute exposure to injurious agents in the models we have examined. This suggests that if apoE does modify the extent of brain damage and recovery after injury, it seems unlikely to be a result of direct or indirect modulation of excitotoxic or apoptotic cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00113.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial extractions and tooth loss during supportive care in a periodontal population seeking comprehensive care (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: This retrospective survey was aimed at determining the prevalence of tooth extractions and the dental pathologies associated with them during both the active and maintenance phase of periodontal therapy in a periodontal population seeking comprehensive dental care.Methods: A total of 273 randomly selected subjects from the oral prophylaxis clinic of the University of Berne were included. All subjects had received comprehensive care consisting of periodontal and restorative treatment and participated in a supervised maintenance program for an average of 67±46 months (range 5 to 278 months). The population consisted of 39.6% current smokers and 27.8% previous smokers. 6.2% of the patients had gingivitis, 20.5% mild periodontitis, 48.4% moderate and 24.9% severe periodontitis. The average frequency of the recall visits was 4.4±1.5 appointments/year (range 1.7–12 appointments/year).Results: Results indicated that 574 out of a total of 6503 teeth were extracted; 311 teeth were extracted during active therapy and 263 during the supportive periodontal care (SPC) phase of therapy. 46% of patients received tooth extractions as part of their active treatment and 41% during their participation in the secondary prevention program. In the subgroup whose treatment plan included extractions the average number was 2.5±1.6 teeth per patient. Likewise, the patients who received extractions during recall lost an average of 2.35±1.9 teeth per subject with an incidence of 0.4±0.37 teeth per patient per year. These data reinforce the concept that a minority of the population is responsible for the majority of tooth extractions, both during active therapy and SPC. Periodontal disease was the only pathology observed at 57% of the extracted teeth; while caries, endodontic pathology and technical problems in the absence of periodontitis were observed in 29% of cases.Conclusions: These observations indicate that the rendered treatment was effective in the long-term maintenance of the dentition of these subjects and suggest that advanced periodontal disease represented the major cause of tooth loss in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027011824.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in Mgat5-deficient mice (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 6 (2000), S. 306-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Golgi β1,6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5) is required in the biosynthesis of β1,6GlcNAc-branched N-linked glycans attached to cell surface and secreted glycoproteins. Amounts of MGAT5 glycan products are commonly increased in malignancies, and correlate with disease progression. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/73163
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benefits of Endoscopic Vein Harvesting (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 24 (2000), S. 1104-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the benefits of endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting (EVH) with the traditional incision technique (TIT) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in respect to the technical procedure and clinical outcome. In a prospective nonrandomized, case-matched study the greater saphenous vein was harvested for CABG in 22 patients using the endoscopic technique and in 18 patients with the traditional method. Comparisons were made for the operating time, length of incision and vein harvested, graft quality, postoperative complications, and pain assessment. Patient demographics were well matched. EVH required smaller incisions than did the TIT (10.5 ± 6.6 vs. 31.2 ± 7.8 cm, respectively; p 〈 0.0001). Harvest time and vein quality were comparable in the two groups. Total vein operating time was shorter following the endoscopic technique (60 ± 24 vs. 100 ± 35 minutes, respectively; p 〈 0.0001). EVH had fewer complications (NS), and postoperative pain was significantly less (p= 0.0034). The major advantages of endoscopic vein harvesting are a significant reduction of postoperative pain and strikingly better cosmetic results. Wound complications seem to be less frequent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002680010178
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase from Escherichia coli (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 1194-1197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase mediates the reduction of protein sulfoxide methionyl residues back to methionines and could thus be implicated in the antioxidant defence of organisms. Hexagonal crystals of the Escherichia coli enzyme (MsrA) were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. They belong to space group P6522, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 102.5, c = 292.3 Å, γ = 120°. A native data set was collected at 1.9 Å resolution. Crystals of selenomethionine-substituted MsrA were also grown under the same crystallization conditions. A three-wavelength MAD experiment has led to the elucidation of the positions of the Se atoms and should result in a full structure determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444900009483
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octahedral deformations and cationic displacements in the ferroelectric PbHf0.8Ti0.2O3: a neutron powder diffraction study from 10 to 770 K (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Neutron powder diffraction data, collected over the temperature range 10–770 K, have been analysed in order to make a detailed characterization of the sequence of phase transitions occurring in the Hf-rich ferroelectric PbHf0.8Ti0.2O3, titanium hafnium lead oxide. Over the whole temperature range this compound undergoes two phase transitions, which involve cationic displacements and octahedral deformations (tilt and/or distortion) leading to strongly distorted perovskite-type structures. The first transition appears around 415 K between two ferroelectric rhombohedral phases: a low-temperature nonzero-tilt phase FRL (space group R3c) and an intermediate zero-tilt phase FRH (space group R3m). The second one, detected around 520 K, is associated with a ferroelectric to-paraelectric transition between the FRH phase and the PC cubic phase (space group Pm3¯m). From high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data (diffractometer 3T2-LLB, Saclay, France, λ = 1.2251 Å), the crystallographic structure of the three successive phases has been accurately determined at the following temperatures: T = 10 K (FRL): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.7827 (1), chex = 14.2702 (4) Å, Vhex = 413.26 (2) Å3; T = 150 K (FRL): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.7871 (1), chex = 14.2735 (4) Å, Vhex = 413.98 (3) Å3; T = 290 K (FRL): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.7943 (1), chex = 14.2742 (5) Å, Vhex = 415.04 (3) Å3; T = 440 K (FRH): space group R3c, Z = 6, ahex = 5.8025 (1), chex = 14.2648 (4) Å, Vhex = 415.94 (3) Å3; T = 520 K (PC): space group Pm3¯m, Z = 1, acub = 4.1072 (2) Å, Vcub = 69.29 (1) Å3. In addition, a neutron powder thermodiffractometry experiment, performed between 290 and 770 K (diffractometer D1B-ILL, Grenoble, France, λ = 2.533 Å), has been used to study in situ the temperature-induced phase transitions. From sequential Rietveld refinements, the temperature dependence of the cation displacements and the rotation and/or distortion of oxygen octahedra was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768199011453
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