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  • 2000-2004  (86)
  • 2000  (86)
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  • 2000-2004  (86)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We employ data taken by the JADE and OPAL experiments for an integrated QCD study in hadronic e $^+$ e $^-$ annihilations at c.m.s. energies ranging from 35 GeV through 189 GeV. The study is based on jet-multiplicity related observables. The observables are obtained to high jet resolution scales with the JADE, Durham, Cambridge and cone jet finders, and compared with the predictions of various QCD and Monte Carlo models. The strong coupling strength, $\alpha_s$ , is determined at each energy by fits of ${\cal O}(\alpha_s^2)$ calculations, as well as matched ${\cal O}(\alpha_s^2)$ and NLLA predictions, to the data. Matching schemes are compared, and the dependence of the results on the choice of the renormalization scale is investigated. The combination of the results using matched predictions gives \[\alpha_s(M_{Z^0})=0.1187^{0.0034}_{0.0019}.\] The strong coupling is also obtained, at lower precision, from ${\cal O}(\alpha_s^2)$ fits of the c.m.s. energy evolution of some of the observables. A qualitative comparison is made between the data and a recent MLLA prediction for mean jet multiplicities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (2000), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A search for pair produced scalar fermions with couplings that violate R-parity has been performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 56 pb $^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=$ 183 GeV collected with the OPAL detector at LEP. An important consequence of R-parity breaking interactions is that the lightest supersymmetric particle is expected to be unstable. Searches for R-parity violating decays of charged sleptons, sneutrinos and stop quarks have been performed under the assumptions that the lightest supersymmetric particle decays promptly and that only one of the R-parity violating couplings is dominant for each of the decay modes considered. Such processes would yield multi-leptons, jets plus leptons or multi-jets, with or without missing energy, in the final state. No significant excess of such events has been observed. Limits on the production cross-sections of scalar fermions in R-parity violating scenarios are obtained. Mass exclusion regions are also presented in the framework of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (2000), S. 35-52 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The production of $D^{\ast \pm}$ (2010) mesons in deep inelastic scattering has been measured in the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 37 pb $^{-1}$ . The decay channels $D^{\ast +}\rightarrow D^0 \pi^+ $ (+ c.c.), with $D^0 \rightarrow K^- \pi^+$ or $D^0 \rightarrow K^- \pi^- \pi^+ \pi^+$ , have been used to identify the D mesons. The $e^+p$ cross section for inclusive $D^{\ast \pm}$ production with $1 〈 Q^2 〈 600\,$ GeV $^2$ and $0.02〈 y 〈 0.7$ is $8.31 \pm 0.31 \mbox{(stat.)}^{+0.30}_{-0.50}\mbox{(syst.)}$ nb in the kinematic region $1.5 〈 p_T(D^{\ast \pm}) 〈 15$ GeV and $|\eta(D^{\ast \pm})| 〈 1.5$ . Differential cross sections are consistent with a next-to-leading-order perturbative-QCD calculation when using charm-fragmentation models which take into account the interaction of the charm quark with the proton remnant. The observed cross section is extrapolated to the full kinematic region in $p_T(D^{\ast \pm})$ and $\eta(D^{\ast \pm})$ in order to determine the charm contribution, $F_{2}^{c\bar c}(x,Q^2)$ , to the proton structure function. The ratio $F_{2}^{c\bar c}/F_{2}$ rises from $\simeq$ 10% at $Q^2 \simeq$ 1.8 GeV $^2$ to $\simeq$ 30% at $Q^2 \simeq $ 130 GeV $^2$ for x values in the range $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-3}$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (2000), S. 393-410 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Exclusive electroproduction of $\rho^0$ mesons has been measured using the ZEUS detector at HERA in two $Q^2$ ranges, $0.25 〈 Q^2 〈 0.85$ GeV $^2$ and $3〈 Q^2 〈 30$ GeV $^2$ . The low- $Q^2$ data span the range $20 〈 W 〈 90$ GeV; the high- $Q^2$ data cover the $40 〈 W 〈 120$ GeV interval. Both samples extend up to four-momentum transfers of $|t|=0.6$ GeV $^2$ . The distribution in the azimuthal angle between the positron scattering plane and the $\rho^0$ production plane shows a small but significant violation of s-channel helicity conservation, corresponding to the production of longitudinally polarised (i.e. helicity zero) $\rho^0$ mesons from transverse photons. Measurements of the 15 combinations of spin-density matrix elements which completely define the angular distributions are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (2000), S. 609-626 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The lifetimes of the $\rm B^+$ and $\rm B^0$ mesons, and their ratio, have been measured in the OPAL experiment using 2.4 million hadronic $\rm Z^0$ decays recorded at LEP. $\rm Z^0 \rightarrow \rm b\overline{b}$ decays were tagged using displaced secondary vertices and high momentum electrons and muons. The lifetimes were then measured using well-reconstructed charged and neutral secondary vertices selected in this tagged data sample. The results are \begin{eqnarray*} \tau_{B^+} & = & 1.643 \pm 0.037\pm 0.025 \rm\,ps \tau_{B^0} & = & 1.523 \pm 0.057 \pm 0.053 \rm\,ps \tau_{B^+}/ \tau_{B^0} & = & 1.079 \pm 0.064 \pm 0.041 \,, \end{eqnarray*} where in each case the first error is statistical and the second systematic. A larger data sample of 3.1 million hadronic $\rm Z^0$ decays has been used to search for CP and CPT violating effects by comparison of inclusive b and $\rm\overline{b}$ hadron decays. No evidence for such effects is seen. The CP violation parameter $\rm Re(\epsilon_B)$ is measured to be \[ \rm Re(\epsilon_B) = 0.001 \pm 0.014 \pm 0.003 \] and the fractional difference between b and $\rm\overline{b}$ hadron lifetimes is measured to be \[ \left(\frac{\Delta\tau}{\tau}\right)_{\rm b} \equiv \frac{\rm\tau (b \mbox{hadron}) - \tau \mbox{(\rm\overline{b} hadron)}} {\rm\tau (average)} = -0.001\pm 0.012\pm 0.008 \,. \]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 13 (2000), S. 397-414 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The triple-differential dijet cross-section, ${\rm d}^3 \sigma_{ep}/{\rm d} Q^2{\rm d} \overline{E_t}^2 {\rm d}x^{jets}_\gamma$ , is measured with the H1 detector at HERA as a function of the photon virtuality $Q^2$ , the fraction of the photon's momentum carried by the parton entering the hard scattering, $\x^{jets}_\gamma$ , and the square of the mean transverse energy, $\overline{E_t}^2$ , of the two highest $E_t$ jets. Jets are found using a longitudinal boost-invariant $k_T$ clustering algorithm in the $\gamma^* p$ center of mass frame. The measurements cover the ranges $1.6 〈 Q^2 〈 80$ GeV $^2$ in virtuality and $0.1 〈 y 〈 0.7$ in inelasticity y. The results are well described by leading order QCD models which include the effects of a resolved component to the virtual photon. Models which treat the photon as point-like fail to describe the data. An effective leading order parton density for the virtual photon is extracted as a function of the photon virtuality, the probing scale and the parton momentum fraction. The $x_{\gamma}$ and probing scale dependences of the parton density show characteristic features of photon structure, and a suppression of this structure with increasing $Q^2$ is seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2000), S. 73-84 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Searches for unstable neutral and charged heavy leptons, N and ${\rm L^\pm}$ , and for excited states of neutral and charged leptons, $\nu^*$ , ${\rm e}^*$ , $\mu^*$ , and $\tau^*$ , have been performed in ${\rm e^+e^-}$ collisions using data collected by the OPAL detector at LEP. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 58 pb $^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV, and about 10 pb $^{-1}$ each at 161 GeV and 172 GeV. No evidence for new particles was found. Lower limits on the masses of unstable heavy and excited leptons are derived. From the analysis of charged-current, neutral-current, and photonic decays of singly produced excited leptons, upper limits are determined for the ratio of the coupling to the compositeness scale, $f/\Lambda$ , for masses up to the kinematic limit. For excited leptons, the limits are established independently of the relative values of the coupling constants f and $f^\prime$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 1-40 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report on measurements of hadronic and leptonic cross sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries performed with the L3 detector in the years 1993–95. A total luminosity of $103 {\rm pb}^{-1}$ was collected at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt s \approx m_{\rm Z}$ and $\sqrt s \approx m_{\rm Z} \pm 1.8{\rm GeV}$ which corresponds to 2.5 million hadronic and 245 thousand leptonic events selected. These data lead to a significantly improved determination of Z parameters. From the total cross sections, combined with our measurements in 1990–92, we obtain the final results: \begin{eqnarray*} m_{\rm Z} = 91\,189.8 \pm 3.1\,{\rm MeV}\, , & & \Gamma_{\rm Z} = 2\,502.4 \pm 4.2\,{\rm MeV} \, , \Gamma_{\rm had} = 1\,751.1 \pm 3.8\,{\rm MeV} \, , & & \Gamma_{\ell} = 84.14 \pm 0.17\,{\rm MeV} \,. \end{eqnarray*} An invisible width of $\Gamma_{\rm inv} = 499.1\pm 2.9\,{\rm MeV}$ is derived which in the Standard Model yields for the number of light neutrino species $N_{\nu} = 2.978\pm 0.014$ . Adding our results on the leptonic forward-backward asymmetries and the tau polarisation, the effective vector and axial-vector coupling constants of the neutral weak current to charged leptons are determined to be $\bar g^{\ell}_{\rm V}= -0.0397\pm 0.0017$ and $\bar g^{\ell}_{\rm A} = -0.50153 \pm 0.00053$ . Including our measurements of the ${\rm Z}\rightarrow{\rm b\bar b}$ forward-backward and quark charge asymmetries a value for the effective electroweak mixing angle of $\sin^2 \bar \theta_{\rm W} = 0.23093 \pm 0.00066$ is derived. All these measurements are in good agreement with the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. Using all our measurements of electroweak observables an upper limit on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson of $m_{\rm H} 〈 133$ GeV is set at 95% confidence level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2000), S. 371-405 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. During 1993 and 1995 LEP was run at 3 energies near the Z $^0$ peak in order to give improved measurements of the mass and width of the resonance. During 1994, LEP operated only at the Z $^0$ peak. In total DELPHI accumulated data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 116 pb $^{-1}$ . Analyses of the hadronic cross-sections and of the cross-sections and forward-backward asymmetries in the leptonic channels used the most precise evaluations of the LEP energies. In the dimuon channel, events with a photon radiated from the initial state have been used to probe the cross-sections and asymmetries down to PETRA energies. Model independent fits to all DELPHI lineshape and asymmetry data from 1990 to 1995 have been carried out giving values of the resonance parameters: \begin{eqnarray*} M_Z & = & 91.1863\pm0.0028{\mbox{\rm{GeV}}} {\mbox{\rm{GeV}}} & = & 2.4876\pm0.0041{\mbox{\rm{GeV}}} \sigma_{0} & = & 41.578\pm0.069{\mbox{\rm{nb}}} R_l & = & 20.730\pm0.060 {\rm{A^{0}_{\mbox{\scriptsize FB}}}} & = & 0.0187\pm0.0019. \end{eqnarray*} These values are significantly more precise than those previously published. The results are interpreted in terms of the Standard Model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The production rates and the inclusive cross sections of the isovector meson ${\rm \pi^0}$ , the isoscalar mesons $\eta$ and ${\rm \eta^{\prime}(958)}$ , the strange meson ${\rm K^0_{\rm S}}$ and the ${\rm \Lambda}$ baryon have been measured as functions of scaled energy in hadronic events, two-jet events and each jet of three-jet events from hadronic Z decays and compared to Monte Carlo models. The analysis is based on 3.7 million hadronic events collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=91.2$ GeV. The JETSET modelling of the gluon fragmentation into isoscalar mesons is found to be in agreement with the experimental results. HERWIG fails to describe the ${\mathrm{K^0_S}}$ spectra in gluon-enriched jets and the ${\rm \Lambda}$ spectra in quark jets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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