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A multiple pin, flip-chip system for microwave and gigabit per second cryogenic device testing at variable temperatures (2001)

Wire, M. S. ; Durand, D. J. ; Silver, A. H. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1542-1547

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ISSN: 1089-7623

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Notes: We have developed a cryogenic probe and cryostat system to test both active and passive superconducting devices and circuits up to microwave frequencies at variable temperatures. Our system consists of two basic parts: the cryostat and the matching probe. The cryostat is a unique, very efficient, variable temperature, flow-type cryostat, where we control temperature without electrical heaters. It is magnetically shielded and allows rapid testing between 4.2 K and room temperature. Probes developed for this cryostat have a larger number of shorter cables than standard dip-type probes. They are designed to test chips or chip assemblies without additional packaging. Chips or chip assemblies can be quickly mounted and dismounted from a fixed spring-contact assembly. Each probe has 56 wide-bandwidth signal cables. We have repeatedly used these probes for testing both active and passive superconducting integrated circuits up to 20 GHz. The probe and cryostat combination provides a testing capability that is simultaneously high frequency, dc magnetic shielded, has variable cryogenic temperature, and quick turnaround. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1337072

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Duration of the antihistaminic effect after discontinuation of ebastine (2001)

Frossard, N. ; Vital-Durand, D. ; Mounedji, N. ; [et al.]

Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers

Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1398-9995

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Background: The inhibitory effect of antihistamines on allergen-induced skin reactions can impair the results of allergen skin testing, which are necessary for the diagnosis of atopic diseases. This study was designed to determine the time period required for the inhibitory effect of ebastine on allergen-induced skin reactivity to disappear completely. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study including 23 out of 27 randomized patients. They received either ebastine 20 mg or placebo once daily for 7 days. At the end of treatment, allergen challenge was performed daily for 7 days. Histamine challenge was performed on day 1 (6 and 24 h) and day 5 after treatment. The wheal and flare surface areas were measured and analyzed. Results: Highly significant inhibition of the wheal and flare response induced by allergen was observed after ebastine treatment on days 1 and 2 as compared with placebo (P〈0.01 for both). The inhibition was reduced, although still significant, by day 3 (P〈0.05). No significant difference was observed by day 4 between the ebastine and the placebo groups. The effects of histamine challenge were significantly reduced in the ebastine compared with the placebo group at day 1 (6 and 24 h), and were similar at day 5 after treatment. Conclusions: Our results show that the wheal and flare response to allergen after ebastine discontinuation returns to placebo values after 4 days. Therefore, patients using ebastine need to be antihistamine-free for 4 days before the skin prick test. This is valuable information for the allergologist seeking to diagnose allergen sensitivity.