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  • 2000-2004  (27)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 2001  (27)
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  • 2000-2004  (27)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current and current density of a finite-width, space-charge-limited electron beam in two-dimensional, parallel-plate geometry (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4202-4210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The current carried by a steady-state, finite-width beam produced by space-charge-limited emission in two-dimensional parallel plate geometry is known to diverge strongly from estimates based on the classic one-dimensional Child–Langmuir problem. The two-dimensional problem presents formidable analytic difficulties, but a numerical approach to this problem has been developed. The approach simultaneously determines the electrostatic potential and the unknown current density profile. Calculations show that the total current is a function of the dimensionless ratio of beam width (w) to anode–cathode gap (d), but that the current density profile varies with both w and d separately. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1391262
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Recurrence of Breast Cancer in the Stereotactic Core Needle Biopsy Site: Case Reports and Review of the Literature (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Early mammographic detection of nonpalpable breast lesions has led to the increasing use of stereotactic core biopsies for tissue diagnosis. Tumor seeding the needle tract is a theorectical concern; the incidence and clinical significance of this potential complication are unknown. We report three cases of subcutaneous breast cancer recurrence at the stereotactic biopsy site after definitive treatment of the primary breast tumor. Two cases were clinically evident and relevant; the third was detected in the preclinical, microscopic state. All three patients underwent multiple passes during stereotactic large-core biopsies (14 gauge needle) followed by modified radical mastectomy. Two patients developed a subcutaneous recurrence at the site of the previous biopsy 12 and 17 months later; one had excision of the skin and dermis at the time of mastectomy revealing tumor cells locally. In summary, clinically relevant recurrence from tumor cells seeding the needle tract is reported in two patients after definitive surgical therapy (without adjuvant radiation therapy). Often, the biopsy site is outside the boundaries of surgical resection. Since the core needle biopsy exit site represents a potential area of malignant seeding and subsequent tumor recurrence, we recommend excising the stereotactic core biopsy tract at the time of definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2001.007002124.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrogram Polarity and Cavotricuspid Isthmus Block During Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electrogram Polarity in Atrial Flutter Ablation. Introduction: The atrial activation sequence around the tricuspid annulus has been used to assess whether complete block has been achieved across the cavotricuspid isthmus during radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter. However, sometimes the atrial activation sequence does not clearly establish the presence or absence of complete block. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a change in the polarity of atrial electrograms recorded near the ablation line is an accurate indicator of complete isthmus block. Methods and Results: Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 34 men and 10 women (age 60 ± 13 years [mean ± SD]) with isthmus-dependent, counterclockwise atrial flutter. Electrograms were recorded around the tricuspid annulus using a duodecapolar halo catheter. Electrograms recorded from two distal electrode pairs (E1 and E2) positioned just anterior to the ablation line were analyzed during atrial flutter and during coronary sinus pacing, before and after ablation. Complete isthmus block was verified by the presence of widely split double electrograms along the entire ablation line. Complete bidirectional isthmus block was achieved in 39 (89%) of 44 patients. Before ablation, the initial polarity of E1 and E2 was predominantly negative during atrial flutter and predominantly positive during coronary sinus pacing. During incomplete isthmus block, the electrogram polarity became reversed either only at E2, or at neither E1 nor E2. In every patient, the polarity of E1 and E2 became negative during coronary sinus pacing only after complete isthmus block was achieved. In 4 patients (10%), the atrial activation sequence recorded with the halo catheter was consistent with complete isthmus block, but the presence of incomplete block was accurately detected by inspection of the polarity of E1 and E2. Conclusion: Reversal of polarity in bipolar electrograms recorded just anterior to the line of isthmus block during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of atrial flutter is a simple, quick, and accurate indicator of complete isthmus block.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00393.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consult for “Heart Block”: What is the Rhythm? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.01429.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distress and Internalized Homophobia Among Lesbian Women Treated for Early Stage Breast Cancer (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Psychology of women quarterly 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-6402
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: A convenience sample of 57 lesbian women who had been recruited for a study of adjustment to breast cancer completed measures of internalized homophobia, degree of disclosure of sexual orientation, social support, self-esteem, and distress. Consistent with our prediction, internalized homophobia related to greater distress. Contrary to our prediction, disclosure did not relate to lower distress. Path models were consistent with the position that internalized homophobia promotes distress through lower self-esteem and perceived unavailability of social support. However, the data were also consistent with a model in which low self-esteem leads to internalized homophobia by way of elevated distress. Internalized homophobia also related inversely to utilization of health care resources. Our discussion centers on the need for more information regarding this understudied population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 112 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to better understand control of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), total catalytic activity was determined during development of the primary leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings, as well as in each leaf pair of 21-day-old plants. Activity of the PDC in clarified homogenates was highest in the youngest organs and then dropped dramatically as the leaves matured and became photosynthetically competent. As leaves began to senesce, total PDC activity dropped to zero. Steady-state mRNA levels were determined using E1 and E3 cDNA probes. The overall pattern of transcript abundance matched the pattern observed for total PDC activity; transcript levels for E1α and E1β approached zero during senescence. Levels of the E1α, E1β, E2 and E3 subunits of the PDC were analyzed in the same samples, using specific antibodies. Quantitation of the immunoblotting results throughout this developmental series showed a pattern in parallel with that of catalytic activity and mRNA levels, although the relative changes in subunit protein levels were not as extreme as the changes in activity. The exception to the global pattern was that of the E3 subunit: lipoamide dehydrogenase. Expression of this enzyme was highest in mature, fully expanded leaves, which were active in photosynthesis and photorespiration, reflecting the additional role of E3 as a component of glycine decarboxylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120414.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Aspects of Chronic Disease Management (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001), S. 555-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4308
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Psychosocial factors appear to impact upon the development and progression of such chronic diseases as coronary heart disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. Similarly, psychosocial interventions have been shown to improve the quality of life of patients with established disease and seem to influence biological processesthought to ameliorate disease progression. Small-scale studies are useful for specifying the conditions under which psychosocial factors may or may not impactquality of life, biological factors, and disease progression. They are also useful for informing us about the conditions under which psychosocial interventions can serve as adjuvants (e.g. adherence training) to medical treatments. Only large-scale clinical trials, however, can determine the extent to which these psychosocial interventions may impact morbidity and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.555
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the Bacillus subtilis fatty acid desaturase in membrane adaptation during cold shock (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In our attempt to understand the cold shock response of Bacillus subtilis, we report on the role of the B. subtilis fatty acid desaturase (FA-D) Des during membrane adaptation to low temperatures and demonstrate its importance during cold shock. A des null mutant was constructed and analysed in comparison with its parental strain. Growth studies and large-scale comparative fatty acid (FA) analysis revealed a severe cold-sensitive phenotype of the des deletion mutant during the absence of isoleucine and showed that four unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) species differing in length, branching pattern and position of the double bond are synthesized in B. subtilis JH642 but not in the des null mutant. Apart from the lack of UFA synthesis, the FA-D deletion strain showed a dramatically altered saturated fatty acid (SFA) profile at the onset of the stationary growth phase in the presence of exogenous isoleucine sources. Expression of des integrated in trans at the amyE locus of the des deletion strain not only cured the cold-sensitive phenotype observed for the des mutant but allowed much better growth than in strain JH642 after a shift from 37°C to 15°C. These results show that, during cold shock adaptation, des expression can completely replace the isoleucine-dependent, long-term, FA branching adaptation mechanism. We conclude that the crucial aspect in cold adaptation of the cytoplasmic membrane is not its specific molecular composition but rather its physical status in terms of its fluidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02322.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of capsule gene expression by group A Streptococcus during pharyngeal colonization and invasive infection (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 42 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Capsular polysaccharide production by group A Streptococcus (GAS) is controlled by transcription of the has operon that encodes the enzymes uniquely required for synthesis of the hyaluronic acid polysaccharide. To investigate the regulation of capsule gene expression during infection, we developed a reporter strain of GAS in which the has operon promoter directed transcription of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gfp expression was triggered within minutes after introduction of the reporter strain into the peritoneal cavity of mice, as evidenced by the recovery of highly fluorescent GAS from the peritoneum 1 h after challenge. Capsule gene expression was also stimulated in the bloodstream of infected mice, as intensely fluorescent bacteria were observed in blood samples collected after either intraperitoneal or intravenous challenge. Using a similar approach, we also observed rapid induction of capsule gene expression in bacteria inoculated into the pharynx of baboons. Compared to the inoculum, increased green fluorescence was recorded in bacteria recovered from throat swabs collected 1 h after inoculation in all five animals studied. We conclude that introduction of GAS into the pharynx or into deep tissues results in rapid induction of has operon expression, a critical adaptive response that enhances GAS survival in the infected host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02635.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding strategic adaptation in small firms (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of entrepreneurial behaviour & research 7 (2001), S. 84-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2554
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines the concept of adaptation as it relates to the start-up and survival of small businesses over time. Adaptation is approached as the making of appropriate adjustments to the business and its strategic focus, as the venture evolves from an initial idea to a successful business. It is proposed that adaptation has three relevant components: the firm's capacity to adapt, how much it actually adapts, and the strategies it relies upon to adapt. A conceptual model and hypotheses are proposed, relating the entrepreneur, the organizational context and the external environment to these three components of adaptation, and relating the components of adaptation to performance. Results from a cross-sectional survey of small business founder/owners suggest that characteristics of the entrepreneur and levels of environmental change are especially important determinants of the three components of adaptation, and that levels of and strategies for adapting are related to organizational performance. A number of implications are drawn from the findings and suggestions are made for ongoing research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005532
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