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  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 2001  (13)
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  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-neutron activation experiments using laser wakefield accelerators : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2510-2516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gamma-neutron activation experiments have been performed with relativistic electron beams produced by a laser wakefield accelerator. The electron beams were produced by tightly focusing (spot diameter (approximate)6 μm) a high power (up to 10 TW), ultra-short (≥50 fs) laser beam from a high repetition rate (10 Hz) Ti:sapphire (0.8 μm) laser system, onto a high density (〉1019 cm−3) pulsed gasjet of length (approximate)1.5 mm. Nuclear activation measurements in lead and copper targets indicate the production of electrons with energy in excess of 25 MeV. This result was confirmed by electron distribution measurements using a bending magnet spectrometer. Measured γ-ray and neutron yields are also found to be in reasonable agreement with simulations using a Monte Carlo transport code. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastrimmune-induced antigastrin-17 antibodies inhibit acid secretion in a rat fistula model (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastrimmune is an immunogenic form of gastrin. It raises in situ antibodies against two proliferative forms of gastrin: amidated and glycine-extended gastrin-17. It has been shown to have a therapeutic action in several in vivo tumour models. Following immunization, due to the complex equilibrium that exists between the antibodies and gastrin, it is not technically feasible to assay for free gastrin.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To determine the effect of Gastrimmune-induced antigastrin antibodies on acid secretion.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Method:A rat gastric fistula model was used. Animals (six per group) were immunized with a control immunogen or ascending doses of Gastrimmune. Acid output was measured following infusion of increasing doses of gastrin-17 and pentagastrin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Gastrimmune-induced antibodies significantly reduced gastrin-17-stimulated acid output compared to control animals (Gastrimmune at 200 μg/rat vs. control; acid output following 30 ng gastrin-17, 0.01 vs. 0.16, P 〈 0.001; following 120 ng gastrin-17, 0.022 vs. 0.29, P 〈 0.001).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Gastrimmune significantly inhibits gastrin-17-stimulated acid output. This biological assay suggests that the antigastrin antibodies effectively bind gastrin-17. In addition to its use as an antineoplastic agent, Gastrimmune may have a role as an acid-decreasing agent in oesophagogastric pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01081.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk perception and communication: recent developments and implications for anaesthesia (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This review begins by outlining the history of probability theory, exposing cultural differences between scientists and lay people in the way risks are viewed. The basic principles of the science of risk perception are described, and the various methods of communicating risk in health care, both verbal and numerical, are then discussed critically. These concepts are then applied to the practice of anaesthesia. Risk perception may affect anaesthetists' choice of career and may be involved in the genesis and evolution of critical incidents; we also discuss possibilities for training in risk perception issues. The place of risk communication in informed consent and its ethical implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02135.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olanzapine overdose (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01976-50.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood pressure measurement in volunteers with and without padding between the cuff and the skin (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Automated non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurements are made frequently during anaesthesia. Conscious patients often find the measurement uncomfortable. The tissues under the cuff can suffer trauma such as skin creasing, blistering, petechial haemorrhages and even nerve damage. We placed soft padding between the blood pressure measurement cuff and the skin of the upper arm of 140 healthy volunteers, and compared cuff-related skin trauma and arterial blood pressure measurements with and without the padding. Padding was associated with a significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of skin trauma (p 〈 0.0001). There was no significant overall effect of the presence of padding on arterial blood pressure readings. We conclude that the benefit of padding outweighs any compromise to the reliability of arterial blood pressure measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02180.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Performance Indicators: The Water Industry of England and Wales (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Water companies in England and Wales produce reports using environmental performance indicators which have been developed in-house. However, there is no recognised methodology for the development of these indicators, and an analysis of available guidance led to the proposal of an appropriate model. This model was tested by semi-structured interviews of water-company managers, and a questionnaire was completed by managers from other industries. The responses from the interviews supported the inclusive, quality-driven approach advocated by the model, and indicated a need to examine (a) the style of management, (b) the staffing structure in water companies, (c) the connection between environmental management systems and indicator development, (d) types of objectives and targets, and (e) the use of indicators as public-relations tools. The result is a methodology for indicator development which can be applied by managers in industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2001.tb00302.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metalloendopeptidases EC 3.4.24.15 and EC 3.4.24.16 And Bradykinin B2 Receptors Do Not Play Important Roles In Renal Wrap Hypertension In Rabbits (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the metalloendopeptidase (EP) 24.15 and 24.16 inhibitor N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Aib-Tyr-p-aminobenzoate (JA-2) on haemodynamics and renal function in conscious rabbits with two-kidney, two-wrapped hypertension. We have also examined the role of endogenous bradykinin in the maintenance phase of this form of renovascular hypertension and whether inhibition of bradykinin degradation contributes to any potential effects of JA-2.2. In two preliminary operations, rabbits were equipped with transit-time ultrasound flow probes for measuring cardiac output (CO) and renal blood flow (RBF) and had both kidneys wrapped in cellophane. Starting 4 weeks after the last operation, rabbits underwent four studies (3–5 days apart), during which they were treated with combinations of the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist icatibant or its vehicle (1 mL/kg bodyweight 0.9% w/v NaCl) and JA-2 or its vehicle (1 mL/kg of a 5% w/v 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, 2.5% v/v dimethylsulphoxide solution). Renal function was monitored using standard renal clearance methods.3. Icatibant (10 μg/kg) had no significant effects on systemic haemodynamic variables (mean arterial pressure, heart rate or CO), renal haemodynamic variables (RBF or glomerular filtration rate), urine flow or sodium excretion. At 5 mg/kg plus 3 mg/kg per h, JA-2 also did not affect any of these variables, either after icatibant vehicle treatment or after icatibant treatment.4. Our data do not support major roles for endogenous bradykinin or bradykinin degradation by EP 24.15/24.16 in the control of systemic and renal haemodynamics or renal excretory function in two-kidney, two-wrapped hypertension in rabbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03532.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of mineral waters and soft drinks in relation to dental erosion (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A range of still and sparkling mineral waters were assessed for their erosive potential together with comparator soft drinks using in vitro dissolution assays with extracted human teeth and powdered hydroxyapatite. Dissolution levels with all of the mineral waters were very low and for several still waters were undetectable. Sparkling mineral waters showed slightly greater dissolution than still waters, but levels remained low and were of the order of one hundred times less than the comparator soft drinks. De-gassing of a sparkling mineral water reduced its dissolution, but the total levels were still relatively low suggesting that carbonation of drinks may not be an important factor per se in respect of erosive potential. The complex and heterogeneous mineral compositions of mineral waters could influence the dissolution equilibrium of apatite in enamel and controlled addition of several ions to ultrapure deionized water was investigated. Calcium ions led to the greatest reduction in hydroxyapatite dissolution, but their effects were moderated by other ions including magnesium and sulphate. Thus, mineral waters appear to offer a safe alternative to more erosive acidic beverages and their complex mineral ion compositions may positively influence any dissolution processes at the tooth surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00795.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial saliva substitutes and mineral dissolution (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The erosive potentials of a number of commercially available artificial saliva substitutes have been investigated using an in vitro hydroxyapatite powder dissolution assay. Most of the saliva substitutes examined did not show any appreciable erosive potential, although one product resulted in greater mineral dissolution levels. There appeared to be little correlation between pH and mineral dissolution levels for the different saliva substitutes examined. Whilst saliva substitutes may be of assistance in maintaining some physiological function in patients with impaired salivary flow, it is important to choose a product with low erosive potential where the natural dentition is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00803.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and nutritional trials on transgenic Nile tilapia containing an exogenous fish growth hormone gene (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In a long-term growth trial, transgenic tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. showed a 2·5-fold increase in growth compared with non-transgenic siblings. At 7 months, mean mass of transgenic tilapia was 653 g compared with 260 g for non-transgenic siblings. A significant increase (P 〉0·01) in head: total length ratio, viscera-somatic index and hepato-somatic index was observed in transgenic fish. Female gonado-somatic index (I G) was found to be lower in transgenics than non-transgenic siblings in both mixed and separate culture conditions. Transgenic male I G values were found to be higher in mixed culture and lower in separate culture than that of their non-transgenic siblings. Food conversion efficiency was more than 20% greater in the transgenic fish. In a second shorter-term growth performance trial, the transgenic fish grew to about four times the size of their non-transgenic siblings. A digestibility trial suggested that transgenic tilapia were more efficient utilizers of protein, dry matter and energy. Apparent digestibility of protein and apparent energy digestibility were higher in the transgenic fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02338.x
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