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Beta-limiting instabilities and global mode stabilization in the National Spherical Torus Experiment : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)

Sabbagh, S. A. ; Bell, R. E. ; Bell, M. G. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2085-2092

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ISSN: 1089-7674

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Research on the stability of spherical torus plasmas at and above the no-wall beta limit is being addressed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)], that has produced low aspect ratio plasmas, R/a∼1.27 at plasma current exceeding 1.4 MA with high energy confinement (TauE/TauE_ITER89P〉2). Toroidal and normalized beta have exceeded 25% and 4.3, respectively, in q∼7 plasmas. The beta limit is observed to increase and then saturate with increasing li. The stability factor βN/li has reached 6, limited by sudden beta collapses. Increased pressure peaking leads to a decrease in βN. Ideal stability analysis of equilibria reconstructed with EFIT [L. L. Lao et al., Nucl. Fusion 25, 1611 (1985)] shows that the plasmas are at the no-wall beta limit for the n=1 kink/ballooning mode. Low aspect ratio and high edge q theoretically alter the plasma stability and mode structure compared to standard tokamak configurations. Below the no-wall limit, stability calculations show the perturbed radial field is maximized near the center column and mode stability is not highly effected by a nearby conducting wall due to the short poloidal wavelength in this region. In contrast, as beta reaches and exceeds the no-wall limit, the mode becomes strongly ballooning with long poloidal wavelength at large major radius and is highly wall stabilized. In this way, wall stabilization is more effective at higher beta in low aspect ratio geometry. The resistive wall mode has been observed in plasmas exceeding the ideal no-wall beta limit and leads to rapid toroidal rotation damping across the plasma core. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468230

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Bioavailability of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Salmon Patties Compared with Capsules (2003)

Maki, K.C. ; Davidson, M.H. ; Dicklin, M.R. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: This sequential treatment trial compared the bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from salmon patties fortified with fish oil (DHA:EPA ratio = 1.8, total DHA + EPA about 2.2 g), unfortified salmon patties (DHA:EPA ratio = 1.9, total DHA + EPA about 1.1 g), and fish oil capsules (DHA:EPA ratio = 1.6, total DHA + EPA = 500 mg) in healthy older adults. Fortified salmon patties produced a significantly higher mean incremental area under the curve (AUCfasting-9 h) than unfortified patties for plasma EPA (37.6 in contrast to 12.9 μg·h/mL, p= 0.017), for plasma DHA (103.7 in contrast to 40.8 μg·h/mL, p= 0.035) and for plasma EPA + DHA (141.2 in contrast to 53.7 μg·h/mL, p= 0.031). Plasma EPA and DHA responses were larger with the fortified than the unfortified patties, indicating that fish oil incorporated into the salmon patties was bioavailable.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08238.x

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Sucrose Intake and Corticosterone Interact with Cold to Modulate Ingestive Behaviour, Energy Balance, Autonomic Outflow and Neuroendocrine Responses During Chronic Stress (2002)

Bell, M. E. ; Bhargava, A. ; Soriano, L. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Journal of neuroendocrinology 14 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2826

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: In adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, either corticosterone replacement or increased sucrose intake will restore body weight gain, uncoupling protein-1, fat depot mass, food intake and corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA expression to normal. Here, we tested the potential interactions between sucrose intake and circulating corticosterone on behavioural, metabolic, autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to the stress of cold. Rats were left intact, sham-ADX, or ADX and replaced with pellets that provided normal, basal (30%B) or high stress (100%B) constant circulating concentrations of corticosterone ± sucrose. More calories were consumed in cold than at room temperature (RT), provided that corticosterone concentrations were elevated above mean daily basal values in cold. Neither increased sucrose nor increased chow ingestion occurred in cold if the rats were ADX and replaced with 30%B. However, sucrose drinking in this group markedly ameliorated other responses to cold. By contrast, ADX30%B rats not drinking sucrose fared poorly, and none of the metabolic or endocrine variables were similar to those in sham-ADX controls. ADX100%B group in cold, resembled intact rats without sucrose; however, this group was metabolically abnormal at RT. We conclude that drinking sucrose lowers stress-induced corticosterone secretion while reducing many responses to cold; elevated corticosterone concentrations in the stress-response range are essential for the normal integrated cold-induced responses to occur.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00784.x

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Root defects following air polishing (2003)

Petersilka, G. J. ; Bell, M. ; Mehl, A. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers

Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-051X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Aim: Air-polishing devices (APDs) are highly effective in removing plaque and extrinsic staining. Their application on root surfaces, however, may result in clinically relevant substance removal, limiting the use in patients with periodontitis, where denuded root surfaces are frequently found. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the influence of different working parameters on root damage and to identify those minimizing root damage.Material and methods: Defect depth and defect volume after instrumentation of roots with an APD (Dentsply Prophy-Jet®) using conventional NaHCO3 powder at instrumentation times of 5, 10 and 20 s, combinations of low, medium and high powder and water settings, distances of 2, 4 and 6 mm, and angulations of 45° and 90° were quantified laseroptically. A total of 297 roots were instrumented and parameter combinations were performed in triplicate. The influence of each working parameter on substance loss was determined by multiple regression analysis.Results: Time had the greatest influence on defect volume and depth (β-weights 0.6 and 0.57, respectively), when compared with powder setting (β-weights 0.49 and 0.3) and water setting (β-weights 0.28 and 0.3). Variations in distance affected defect depth (β-weight 0.44), but not volume (β-weight 0.04). No major differences were found at 45° and 90°. Various parameter combinations led to maximal defect depths of 473.5 ± 26.2 µm within 20 s.Conclusion: Root damage varies among combinations of working parameters. Using the APD with the assessed NaHCO3 powder, all parameter combinations led to substantial root damage. Thus, APDs using NaHCO3 may not be safely utilized on exposed root surfaces.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.300204.x

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In vitro evaluation of novel low abrasive air polishing powders (2003)

Petersilka, G. J. ; Bell, M. ; Häberlein, I. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers

Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-051X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Aim of the study: Though efficient in stain and plaque removal, air polishing is highly abrasive on root cementum or dentin even if working parameters are adjusted to minimize damage. As abrasiveness is also influenced by the physical properties of the powders used, the aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of novel low abrasive air polishing powders in vitro.Material and methods: Using four novel air polishing powders (A, B, C and D) and a standard sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) powder, roots of 126 extracted teeth were air polished under standardized conditions at various working parameter combinations (distance: 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm; powder and water setting: low, medium and high) at an angulation of 90° for 20 s. Instrumentation was performed in triplicate; resulting root defects were quantified laser-optically.Results: Mean defect depths after application of powders A, B, C and D were significantly lower than with standard powder (A: 17.9 ± 10.9 µm, B: 48.2 ± 32.7 µm, C: 92.5 ± 57.9 µm, D: 33.9 ± 19.6 µm, NaHCO3: 163.1 ± 71.1 µm) (Kruskal–Wallis test). Among the experimental powders, D was transported most reliably in the air polishing unit and allowed complete removal of disclosed plaque as assessed on freshly extracted teeth.Conclusion: The novel air polishing powder D is of low abrasiveness to root cementum and dentin while being effective in removing dental plaque. Thus, it may be useful for safe and efficient plaque removal on exposed root surfaces.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.300102.x

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