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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1930-1934
  • 2002  (6)
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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supersonic jet and shock interactions : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2251-2263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Supersonic fluid flow and the interaction of strong shock waves to produce jets of material are ubiquitous features of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), astrophysics, and other fields of high energy-density science. The availability of large laser systems provides an opportunity to investigate such hydrodynamic systems in the laboratory, and to test their modeling by radiation hydrocodes. We describe experiments to investigate the propagation of a structured shock front within a radiation-driven target assembly, the formation of a supersonic jet of material, and the subsequent interaction of this jet with an ambient medium in which a second, ablatively driven shock wave is propagating. The density distribution within the jet, the Kelvin–Helmholz roll-up at the tip of the jet, and the jet's interaction with the counterpropagating shock are investigated by x-ray backlighting. The experiments were designed and modeled using radiation hydrocodes developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, AWE, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The same hydrocodes are being used to model a large number of other ICF and high energy-density physics experiments. Excellent agreement between the different simulations and the experimental data is obtained, but only when the full geometry of the experiment, including both laser-heated hohlraum targets (driving the jet and counter-propagating shock), is included. The experiments were carried out at the University of Rochester's Omega laser [J. M. Soures et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 2108 (1996)]. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468858
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemophilia 2002: emerging risks of treatment (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Haemophilia care and treatment products have greatly improved over the past 2 decades. Transitions in treatment produced by these changes were accompanied by the emergence of unexpected risks and new complications. In order to provide the best comprehensive care to patients with haemophilia, healthcare providers periodically need to re-evaluate and adjust their management and therapeutic products to prevent or minimize the effects produced by the emerging issues. For example, reducing the effects of infectious agents remains the highest priority for the haemophilia community because of the high level of morbidity and mortality that has resulted from earlier therapeutic agents. In many countries, the goal has been to achieve absolute zero risk for infectious agents. In some instances, the screening procedures to achieve these goals reduced the availability of plasma needed for manufactured derivatives and produced another emerging risk, shortages of clotting factor preparations. Similarly, better diagnostic methods identified other potential agents that were not inactivated by current technology. Likewise, immune tolerance regimens and the prophylactic management of haemophilia introduced different therapeutic delivery systems with their own risks. The drugs used to manage diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which were transmitted by products manufactured before mid-1980, create their own set of risks for this community.Topical emerging risks of treatment, including variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, an assessment of its risks and impact, the complications of using indwelling catheters, and the role of protease inhibitors used to treat HIV may have on bleeding complications of haemophilia are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2002.00612.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph2 inhibits phototaxis towards blue light (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 44 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We analysed the effects of inactivation of the phytochrome genes cph1 and cph2 on the phototactic migration of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under different light qualities. Motility towards white, green, red and far red light was not altered in several independently raised cph1, cph2 and cph1/cph2 double mutants. Blue light (λ = 400–500 nm) did not induce motility in wild-type and cph1 mutant cells, whereas cph2 and cph1/cph2 double mutants moved towards the blue light. Inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport by DCMU influenced the motility of cph2 mutants under blue light, but not under white, red and far red light. RNA blot hybridizations did not indicate an altered transcript accumulation of the pilin-encoding pilA1 gene under blue light. We propose that the Cph2 protein is part of a light-stimulated signal transduction chain inhibiting the movement of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells towards blue light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02923.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and spatial variation in a prairie stream-fish assemblage (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 11 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – Stream-fish assemblage and environmental data for 13 sites in the upper Brazos River, Texas, USA during 1997 and 1998 were used to assess the relationship between environmental conditions, and seasonal and spatial variation in fish species abundance and distribution patterns. There was considerable spatial variation in environmental conditions among sites. Spatial variation in species diversity and species composition was related to variation in conductance (salinity), depth and current velocity among sites and streams. Species diversity increased downstream and species composition shifted from primarily cyprinodontids upstream to cyprinids downstream. Among all dominant species, spatial components of variation in fish abundance were greater than seasonal components, suggesting that assemblage structure is determined more by average or persistent differences in environmental conditions among sites than by seasonal variation in environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2002.00005.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential signalling pathways underlying corticotrophin-releasing hormone-mediated neuroprotection from excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In several neurological disorders including cerebral ischaemia, glutamate has been implicated as a neurotoxic agent in the mechanisms leading to neuronal cell death. The role of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), the 41-amino acid peptide, which activates the HPA axis in response to stressful stimuli, remains controversial. In this study, we report that CRH in low physiological concentrations (2 pm), prevented glutamate-induced neurotoxicity via receptor-mediated mechanisms when administered to organotypic hippocampal cultures both during and after the glutamate-induced insult. Detailed investigations on the mechanisms mediating this neuroprotective effect showed that activation of the adenylate cyclase pathway and induction of MAP kinase phosphorylation mediate the CRH action. In addition we showed that CRH can inhibit the phosphorylation of JNK/SAPK by glutamate. Most importantly, we showed that CRH can afford neuroprotection against neurotoxicity up to 12 h following the insult, suggesting that CRH is acting at a late stage in the neuronal death cycle, and this might be important in the development of novel neuroprotective agents in order to improve neuronal survival following the insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00712.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calcium sensor in the sodium channel modulates cardiac excitability (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 442-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sodium channels are principal molecular determinants responsible for myocardial conduction and maintenance of the cardiac rhythm. Calcium ions (Ca2+) have a fundamental role in the coupling of cardiac myocyte excitation and contraction, yet mechanisms whereby intracellular ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415442a
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