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  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
  • 2003  (34)
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  • 2000-2004  (34)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T CELL DYNAMICS IN HIV-1 INFECTION* (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 21 (2003), S. 265-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the absence of antiretroviral treatment, HIV-1 establishes a chronic, progressive infection of the human immune system that invariably, over the course of years, leads to its destruction and fatal immunodeficiency. Paradoxically, while viral replication is extensive throughout the course of infection, deterioration of conventional measures of immunity is slow, including the characteristic loss of CD4+ T cells that is thought to play a key role in the development of immunodeficiency. This conundrum suggests that CD4+ T cell-directed viral cytopathicity alone cannot explain the course of disease. Indeed, recent advances now indicate that HIV-1 pathogenesis is likely to result from a complex interplay between the virus and the immune system, particularly the mechanisms responsible for T cell homeostasis and regeneration. We review these data and present a model of HIV-1 pathogenesis in which the protracted loss of CD4+ T cells results from early viral destruction of selected memory T cell populations, followed by a combination of profound increases in overall memory T cell turnover, damage to the thymus and other lymphoid tissues, and physiological limitations in peripheral CD4+ T cell renewal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141053
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between Integrity–Related Variables, Work Performance, and Trustworthiness in English and Spanish (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of selection and assessment 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Employees (N = 92) from the USA and Mexico completed questionnaires that measured rule–breaking, drug use, and attitudes toward theft. Integrity–related variable clusters had significant intercorrelations. Rule–breaking correlated with supervisor evaluations of work performance in Spanish and with trustworthiness in English.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive Effects on Si3N4 Oxidation/Volatilization in Water Vapor (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two commercially available additive-containing silicon nitride materials were exposed in four environments which ranged in severity from dry oxygen at 1 atm pressure, and low gas velocity, to an actual turbine engine. Oxidation and volatilization kinetics were monitored at temperatures ranging from 1066° to 1400°C. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the surface oxide morphology resulting from the exposures. It was found that the material surface was enriched in rare-earth silicate phases in combustion environments when compared with the oxides formed on materials exposed in dry oxygen. However, the in situ formation of rare-earth disilicate phases offered little additional protection from the volatilization of silica observed in combustion environments. It was concluded that externally applied environmental barrier coatings are needed to protect additive-containing silicon nitride materials from volatilization reactions in combustion environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03462.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Test of Alternative Measures of Disconfirmation (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing
    Decision sciences 34 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Disconfirmation has been widely used in a number of research traditions, however there are many different operationalizations of this construct. Little research has investigated the relative effectiveness of these various methods. The research reported here examines five operationalizations of disconfirmation and their effect on satisfaction. These tests are carried out using two different comparison standards in two different settings. The results indicate some methods are better in certain situations and are inappropriate in others. Implications for both practical and theoretical research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5915.02214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF Ann AGNPS NITROGEN LOADING IN AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Pollutants entering a water system can be very destructive to the health of that system. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used to reduce these pollutants, but understanding the most effective practices is very difficult. Watershed models are an effective tool to aid in the decision-making process of selecting the BMPs that are most effective in reducing the pollutant loading and are also the most cost effective. The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS 2.0) is a technological tool that can be used to estimate watershed response to agricultural management practices. The main purpose of this paper is to test the performance of AnnAGNPS 2.0 on nitrogen loading using comparisons with measurements from the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project. Previous work has demonstrated the capability of the model to simulate runoff and sediment. From sensitivity analyses in this study, initial nitrogen concentration in the soil and crop nitrogen uptake had the most impact on the nitrogen loadings. AnnAGNPS simulations of monthly nitrogen loadings are poor. However, statistical test (t-test) showed that the predicted nitrogen loading is not significantly different from observed nitrogen loading at the 95 percent level of confidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04398.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AS A PREDICTOR OF WATER DURATION IN WISCONSIN WETLANDS (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Fifty-four Wisconsin wetlands were surveyed in spring 1996 to determine relationships between macroinvertebrate community structure and a suite of 11 environmental attributes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that, after alkalinity, hydroperiod was the next most significant environmental factor influencing macroinvertebrate community structure within the wetlands sampled. CCA and direct gradient biplots were used to identify indicator taxa characteristic of the spring macroinvertebrate communities in persistent and ephemeral wetlands, and taxa characteristic of semi-terrestrial habitats adjacent to wetlands. Two models were developed to permit the prediction of a wetland's hydroperiod class. One model assigns a range of probabilities that a wetland has a hydroperiod longer or shorter than eight months based on the occurrence or abundance of fairy shrimp, mayflies, scuds, mosquitoes, and phantom midges. A second model predicts that a wetland's hydroperiod is longer or shorter than five months based on the joint occurrences of seven persistent indicator taxa. Data used in both models were derived from a rapid bioassessment of three shoreline D-frame net sweeps. The use of a coarse level taxonomic identification (primarily order and family) allows the approach to be performed in the field or laboratory. The macroinvertebrate models allow a manager to estimate a wetland's hydroperiod when long term water duration records do not exist. This ability is important to water resource managers because hydroperiod classification (i.e., water permanency) is one criterion used in differentiating wetlands from lakes in Wisconsin and because Wisconsin's legal system affords lakes substantially greater protection than wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04393.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WALRUS LIFE-HISTORY MOVEMENTS RECONSTRUCTED FROM LEAD ISOTOPES IN ANNUAL LAYERS OF TEETH (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Putative life history movements of male Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus nsmarus) harvested at Sanirajak in northern Foxe Basin, Canada, were reconstructed by comparing Pb isotopes in tooth cementum growth layer groups (GLGs) to those in whole-cementum samples from other walrus of Foxe Basin and nearby areas. The analyses yielded three life history patterns including one, “prodigal sons,” not previously recognized in large mammals. Isotope ratios in GLGs of “local” Sanirajak walrus were relatively constant over time and similar to the whole-cementum data for most walrus caught in northern Foxe Basin. An “immigrant” walrus acquired the local signal only in young adulthood. In two “prodigal sons,” GLG Pb isotope ratios changed significantly from the local signature after weaning but returned to it in late maturity, shortly before being harvested. Possible recruitment and dispersal areas for the two types of outliers included regions in northern and eastern Hudson Bay, some 300–600 km distant. The return of mature males to their natal group after associating with other groups for several years, as seen in some of the walrus, may be more common among mammals than previously thought. However, without a reconsttuctive technique such as employed here, it could only be detected through long-term studies of known individuals and all the relevant social groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01131.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHANEROZOIC ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 31 (2003), S. 105-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical calculations, based on both the chemical and isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks, indicate that atmospheric O2 has varied appreciably over Phanerozoic time, with a notable excursion during the Permo-Carboniferous reaching levels as high as 35% O2. This agrees with measurements of the carbon isotopic composition of fossil plants together with experiments and calculations on the effect of O2 on photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation. The principal cause of the excursion was the rise of large vascular land plants and the consequent increased global burial of organic matter. Higher levels of O2 are consistent with the presence of Permo-Carboniferous giant insects, and preliminary experiments indicate that insect body size can increase with elevated O2. Higher O2 also may have caused more extensive, possibly catastrophic, wildfires. To check this, realistic burning experiments are needed to examine the effects of elevated O2 on fire behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141329
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The case against Microsoft: An ethical perspective (2003)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Business ethics 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8608
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses the complex Microsoft anti-trust trial and the company 's questionable behavior during the browser wars with Netscape.It reviews the essentials of the legal case against Microsoft along with the company 's efforts to refute the charges against it, including the presumption of monopoly power. After laying the groundwork by providing conceptual background on the notion of fair competition, the paper turns to an ethical analysis of Microsoft 's conduct. We conclude that Microsoft 's behavior was excessively opportunistic during the browser wars.The company did not compete constructively or positively, but instead sought to undermine the competitive process.It also developed biased software code that tilted the playing ?eld in its direction.These actions caused harm to the company 's stakeholders by obstructing consumer choice and impeding innovation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF LUTEIN AND ZEAXANTHIN IN THE EYE (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 23 (2003), S. 171-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The macular region of the primate retina is yellow in color due to the presence of the macular pigment, composed of two dietary xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, and another xanthophyll, meso-zeaxanthin. The latter is presumably formed from either lutein or zeaxanthin in the retina. By absorbing blue-light, the macular pigment protects the underlying photoreceptor cell layer from light damage, possibly initiated by the formation of reactive oxygen species during a photosensitized reaction. There is ample epidemiological evidence that the amount of macular pigment is inversely associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration, an irreversible process that is the major cause of blindness in the elderly. The macular pigment can be increased in primates by either increasing the intake of foods that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, or by supplementation with lutein or zeaxanthin. Although increasing the intake of lutein or zeaxanthin might prove to be protective against the development of age-related macular degeneration, a causative relationship has yet to be experimentally demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073307
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