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  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1930-1934
  • 2003  (23)
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  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wandering behaviour in people with dementia (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 44 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Wandering has been described as one of the most challenging behaviours to manage and yet a search of the literature in the last two decades yields only a limited number of papers that specifically studied wandering.Aim. This paper reviews the current literature on wandering in relation to the nature of the phenomenon, attempts to classify the behaviour, the extent of the problem, the profile of those who wander, postulations about its aetiology, and intervention strategies being employed.Method. Eight literature databases were searched for the last 40 years up to February 2003 using ‘wandering’ and ‘dementia’ as combined keywords. A total of 133 articles was included in the review.Findings. The prevalence of wandering behaviour was difficult to assess and no conclusions could be reached. The typical wanderer depicted in the literature was relatively young in the older population, more cognitively impaired, more likely to be a man, might have experienced sleep problems, had a more active premorbid lifestyle, and used more psychotropic medications. While studies agreed that wanderers are more cognitively impaired, their findings did not necessarily agree on other attributes. Three major approaches, namely the biomedical, psychosocial and person–environment interaction perspectives, in conceptualizing wandering behaviour can be identified from the literature. Medications, activity programmes, behavioural modification and environmental manipulation have been used as interventions but none has so far demonstrated unequivocal effectiveness.Conclusion. Knowledge generated through research remains insufficient to explain fully why and when wandering occurs. Variability in how the phenomenon was defined and studied, and the small size of the samples made generalizability of findings difficult. Future research should incorporate a clearer definition of wandering; a specific targeted population with representative sample size; appropriate subject identification strategies; focussed interventions, and better control conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02781.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Communication in a Multi-Ethnic Society (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.26093.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Position dependent ventricular tachycardia in two children with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 13 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report two cases of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in children following the insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). These children had additional procedures requiring turning into the left lateral position after PICC insertion. In both cases sustained VT occurred after turning and flexion of the arm with the PICC. VT was terminated in both cases by withdrawing the catheter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01021.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENOMICS IN PURE AND APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 48 (2003), S. 235-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genomics is the study of the structure and function of the genome: the set of genetic information encoded in the DNA of the nucleus and organelles of an organism. It is a dynamic field that combines traditional paths of inquiry with new approaches that would have been impossible without recent technological developments. Much of the recent focus has been on obtaining the sequence of entire genomes, determining the order and organization of the genes, and developing libraries that provide immediate physical access to any desired DNA fragment. This has enabled functional studies on a genome-wide level, including analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits, quantification of global patterns of gene expression, and systematic gene disruption projects. The successful contribution of genomics to problems in applied entomology requires the cooperation of the private and public sectors to build upon the knowledge derived from the Drosophila genome and effectively develop models for other insect Orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112624
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomanipulation: a useful tool for freshwater wetland mitigation? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Natural wetlands have traditionally been considered as efficient ‘ecological engineers’ for waste water treatment. However, the structure and function of many natural wetlands have been severely altered by the chronic exposure to pollutants, especially nutrients.2. Despite the similarity of symptoms of eutrophied shallow lakes and wetlands, restoration strategies differ distinctly between these rather similar aquatic systems. Many of the tools applied in shallow lake restoration programs, for example biomanipulation, have received little attention in wetland management and restoration.3. Although a strong conceptual basis for food web management exists, biotic interactions as influences on wetland communities have been largely neglected by wetland scientists and managers.4. In this paper we show that biomanipulation may have a strong potential for wetland eutrophication abatement. This potential will be demonstrated by reviewing studies carried out in different wetland types in contrasting climatic regions.5. We propose four different scenarios for when, where and why biomanipulation may be used to rehabilitate freshwater wetlands. These scenarios reflect different settings of hydrological variability, eutrophication sources and gradients of wind exposure and water colour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01156.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular segregation of distinct heteromeric NMDA glutamate receptors in the striatum (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 85 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Functional N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors are composed of heteromeric complexes of NR1, the obligatory subunit for channel activity, and NR2 or NR3 family members, which confer variability in the properties of the receptors. Recent studies have provided evidence for the existence of both binary (containing NR1 and either NR2A or NR2B) and ternary (containing NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) receptor complexes in the adult mammalian brain. However, the mechanisms regulating subunit assembly and receptor localization are not well understood. In the CNS, NMDA subunits are present both at intracellular sites and the post-synaptic membrane of neurons. Using biochemical protein fractionation and co-immunoprecipitation approaches we have found that in rat striatum binary NMDA receptors are widely distributed, and can be identified in the light membrane, synaptosomal membrane, and synaptic vesicle-enriched subcellular compartments. In contrast, ternary receptors are found exclusively in the synaptosomal membranes. When striatal proteins are chemically cross-linked prior to subcellular fractionation, ternary NMDA receptors can be precipitated from the light membrane and synaptic vesicle-enriched fractions where this type of receptor complex is not detectable under normal conditions. These findings suggest differential targeting of distinct types of NMDA receptor assemblies between intracellular and post-synaptic sites based on subunit composition. This targeting may underlie important differences in the regulation of the transport pathways involved in both normal as well as pathological receptor functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01744.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No Place Distant: Roads and Motorized Recreation on America's Public Lands (2003)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2003.rec1142.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Survival of Cardiac Transplantation Candidates with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Survival in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation is poor due to the severity of left ventricular dysfunction and the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia. The potential role of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in this group of patients has been the subject of increasing interest. The aims of this study were to ascertain whether ICDs improve the survival rate of patients on the waiting list for cardiac transplantation and whether any improvement is independent of concomitant beta-blocker or amiodarone therapy. Methods and Results: Data comprised findings from 310 consecutive patients at a single center who were evaluated and deemed suitable for cardiac transplantation and placed on the waiting list. Kaplan-Meier actuarial approach was used for survival analysis. Survival analysis censored patients at time of transplantation or death. Of the 310 patients, 111 (35.8%) underwent successful cardiac transplantation and 164 (52.9%) died while waiting; 35 patients remain on the waiting list. Fifty-nine (19%) patients had ICD placement for ventricular arrhythmias prior to or after being listed. Twenty-nine (49.1%) ICD patients survived until cardiac transplantation, 13 (22%) patients died, and 17 (28.8%) remain on the waiting list. Among non-ICD patients, 82 (32.7%) received transplants, 151 (60.2%) died, and 18 (7.2%) remain on the waiting list. Survival rates at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were better for all ICD patients compared to non-ICD patients (log-rank x2, P = 0.0001 ). By multivariate analysis, ICD therapy and beta-blocker treatment were the strongest predictors of survival. Further, ICD treatment was associated with improved survival independent of concomitant treatment with beta-blocker or amiodarone. Among ICD and non-ICD patients treated with a beta-blocker or amiodarone, survivals at the 1 and 4 years were 93% vs 69% and 57% vs 32%, respectively (log-rank x2, P = 0.003 ). Conclusion: ICD therapy is associated with improved survival in high-risk cardiac transplant candidates, and ICD benefit appears to be independent of concomitant treatment. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 578-583, June 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.02590.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emerging themes in manganese transport, biochemistry and pathogenesis in bacteria (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 27 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Though an essential trace element, manganese is generally accorded little importance in biology other than as a cofactor for some free radical detoxifying enzymes and in the photosynthetic photosystem II. Only a handful of other Mn2+-dependent enzymes are known. Recent data, primarily in bacteria, suggest that Mn2+-dependent processes may have significantly greater physiological importance. Two major classes of prokaryotic Mn2+ uptake systems have now been described, one homologous to eukaryotic Nramp transporters and one a member of the ABC-type ATPase superfamily. Each is highly selective for Mn2+ over Fe2+ or other transition metal divalent cations, and each can accumulate millimolar amounts of intracellular Mn2+ even when environmental Mn2+ is scarce. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, simultaneous mutation of both types of transporter results in avirulence, implying that one or more Mn2+-dependent enzymes is essential for pathogenesis. This review summarizes current literature on Mn2+ transport, primarily in the Bacteria but with relevant comparisons to the Archaea and Eukaryota. Mn2+-dependent enzymes are then discussed along with some speculations as to their role(s) in cellular physiology, again primarily in Bacteria. It is of particular interest that most of the enzymes which interconvert phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate intermediates are either strictly Mn2+-dependent or highly stimulated by Mn2+. This suggests that Mn2+ may play an important role in central carbon metabolism. Further studies will be required, however, to determine whether these or other actions of Mn2+ within the cell are the relevant factors in pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00052-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization from pathogenic fungi of genes encoding ammonium permeases and their roles in dimorphism (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nutrient sensing plays important roles in fungal development in general, and specifically in critical aspects of pathogenicity and virulence, for both animal and plant pathogens. Dimorphic pathogens such as the phytopathogenic smut fungi, Ustilago maydis and Microbotryum violaceum, must switch from a yeast-like to a filamentous form in order to cause disease. Two genes encoding methylammonium permeases (MEPs) were identified from each of these latter fungi and all the encoded proteins were most similar to Mep2p, the high-affinity permease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that plays a direct role in pseudohyphal or filamentous growth for that organism. This is the first report of MEPs from pathogenic fungi. The two genes from U. maydis and one of the genes from M. violaceum were expressed in diploid S. cerevisiae mutants deleted for all three mep genes (mep1mep2mep3). Each of the heterologous genes could complement the severe growth defect of the S. cerevisiae mutant on low ammonium. Moreover, the U. maydis ump2 gene, initially detected as an upregulated gene in budding cells, was also able to complement the pseudohyphal defect characteristic of the mutant yeast. This gene is thus one of few heterologous MEP genes capable of efficiently restoring pseudohyphal growth in yeast. For U. maydis, disruption of ump2 eliminated the filamentous phenotype of haploid cells on low ammonium, while ump1 disruption only slightly reduced methylamine uptake. The most significant drop in methylamine uptake was seen for the ump2 and the ump1ump2 double mutants. Moreover, when grown in liquid medium, the ump1ump2 double mutant aggregated and sedimented. Also, the importance of a putative site for phosphorylation by protein kinase A was investigated in both Mep2p and Ump2p via site-directed mutagenesis of the respective genes. A mutation predicted to prevent phosphorylation of either protein, still allowed each to provide growth on low ammonium, but eliminated their abilities to provide pseudohyphal growth for the S. cerevisiae triple mutant. These findings allow us to present a model of how ammonium transporters play a role in regulating dimorphic growth in fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03680.x
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