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Development of the Areola in the Early Placenta of the One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius): A Light, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopical Study (2003)

Abd-Elnaeim, M. M. M. ; Saber, A. ; Hassan, A. ; [et al.]

Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 32 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0264

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: This study aimed to elucidate development of the areola in the early dromedary placenta in comparison with that of the pig and mare. Placental tissues from 25 pregnant camels were obtained from Cairo abattoir and prepared for light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy by routine methods. Vascular casts were made by injection of 4 : 1 liquid plastic mixture of mercox and methylmethacrylate. Areolar formation was first observed at 4.5 cm curved-crown-rump CVR length, while by 5–9 cm CVR length, the endometrial surface was uneven and studded with numerous uterine gland openings, where corresponding foetal areolae were barely detectable and the foetal areolar cells were of variable appearance and covered with long microvilli. At 10–13 cm CVR length the uterine gland openings developed irregular folds and the maternal areolar cells showed numerous apical blebs. At 14–29 cm CVR length the foetal areolae showed a great increase in height at the expense of their width. At 30–34 cm (CVR) length the maternal areolae appeared discoid and sharply demarcated from the surrounding inter-areolar tissues and the foetal areolae were rounded to irregular in shape with well-developed areolar rims. The vascular casts showed a widely meshed capillary network on the maternal areola, connecting with the pre- and post-capillary vessels, whereas the foetal side showed a relatively dense capillary meshwork. These studies indicate that the areola in the placenta of the one-humped camel is of the regular type like in the pig, and is poorly vascularized.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2003.00465.x

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Global e-commerce: a framework for understanding and overcoming the trust barrier (2003)

Aljifri, Hassan A. ; Pons, Alexander ; Collins, Daniel

Bradford : Emerald

Information management & computer security 11 (2003), S. 130-138

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ISSN: 0968-5227

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Computer Science

Notes: As the Internet revolution moves into full swing, those countries that have not embraced e-commerce technology will face new hurdles as they seek to develop their economies. Standing in the path of these countries' attempts to adapt e-commerce technologies are several key issues that can be broadly defined as trust barriers. Rather than think of the trust issues as barriers one must think of them as assets. Presents a conceptual model and framework that highlight the key factors in business trust relationships within developing countries; information security, technical and industrial infrastructure, education, government, and socio-cultural factors. These factors are considered in the light of different types of e-commerce business transactions taking place within and across borders such as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-business (C2B), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C).