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  • 2000-2004  (18)
  • 1995-1999
  • 2004  (18)
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  • 2000-2004  (18)
  • 1995-1999
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous resolution of hypothermia-induced atrial fibrillation in a dog (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: To report a case of spontaneous resolution of atrial fibrillation secondary to hypothermia in a dog without detectable heart disease.Case summary: An 8-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog presented with a history of prolonged exposure to below freezing environmental temperatures. The dog presented hypothermic (〈32°C or 〈90°F) and minimally responsive to stimuli. The heart rate was 80 beats per minute (bpm) and irregular. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed. The dog had pale mucous membranes, absent femoral pulses, and no obtainable blood pressure via indirect Doppler technique. Resuscitation fluids were administered and active external warming was instituted. Peripheral edema was observed during the rewarming phase and the irregular heart rate was noted to increase. The atrial fibrillation spontaneously resolved with no specific anti-arrhythmic therapy. No underlying myocardial disease was found. The recovery of this dog was complete with a subsequent repeat of the echocardiogram and electrocardiogram (ECG) 8-months later found to be within normal limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.04023.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from soil under silage production by use of organic manures or slow-release fertilizer (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Grassland is a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in the UK, resulting from high rates of fertilizer application. We studied the effects of substituting mineral fertilizer by organic manures and a slow-release fertilizer in silage grass production on greenhouse gas emissions and soil mineral N content in a three-year field experiment. The organic manures investigated were sewage sludge pellets and composted sewage sludge (dry materials), and digested sewage sludge and cattle slurry (liquid materials). The organic manures produced N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) consistently from time of application up to harvest. However, they mitigated N2O emissions by around 90% when aggregate emissions of 15.7 kg N ha−1 from NPK fertilizer were caused by a flux of up to 4.9 kg N ha−1 d−1 during the first 4 days after heavy rainfall subsequent to the NPK fertilizer application. CH4 was emitted only for 2 or 3 days after application of the liquid manures. CH4 and CO2 fluxes were not significantly mitigated. Composting and dried pellets were useful methods of conserving nutrients in organic wastes, enabling slow and sustained release of nitrogen. NPK slow-release fertilizer also maintained grass yields and was the most effective substitute for the conventional NPK fertilizer for mitigation of N2O fluxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00371.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATING NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT THRESHOLD CRITERIA FOR BIOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA WATERSHEDS (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This study employs a simple nonlinear statistical approach to establish nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentration and unit area load thresholds to aid in the evaluation of aquatic biological health of watersheds within the state of Pennsylvania. Flow, nitrogen and phosphorus species, sediment, basin area, land cover, and biological assessment data were assembled for 29 Pennsylvania watersheds. For each watershed, rating curves depicting flow versus load relationships were developed using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) storage and retrieval database (STORET) flow and concentration data, then applied to daily flow data obtained from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) daily flow gauging stations to estimate daily load between 1989 and 1999. The load estimates and concentration data were then sorted into six sets of data: mean annual unit area nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads; and average nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment concentrations. Results of Mann-Whitney tests conducted on each of the six datasets indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the concentrations and unit area loads of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment in impaired and unimpaired watersheds. Concentration thresholds, calculated as the midpoint between the impaired and unimpaired watersheds’ 95 percent confidence interval for the median, were estimated to be 2.01 mg/L, 0.07 mg/L, and 197.27 mg/L for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment, respectively. Annual unit area load thresholds were estimated to be equal to 8.64 kg/ha, 0.30 kg/ha, and 785.29 kg/ha, respectively, for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01052.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Iron Type on Kinetics and Carbon Isotopic Enrichment of Chlorinated Ethylenes During Abiotic Reduction on Fe(0) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 42 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Four samples of two commercially available iron brands used as substrate for iron permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) were tested for suitability for remediation of perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Kinetic studies indicate that rates of reaction are enhanced for cDCE and VC on Connelly iron (2.8 × 10−4 to 6.9 × 10−4 L/m2/hr and 2.0 × 10−4 to 9.0 × 10−4 L/m2/hr, for cDCE and VC, respectively) vs. Peerless iron (3.1 × 10−5 to 4.6 × 10−5 L/m2/hr and 2.4 × 10−5 to 4.1 × 10−5 L/m2/hr, for cDCE and VC, respectively). Carbon isotopic analyses of the residual chlorinated ethylene (CE) during degradation indicate significant fractionation occurs during reductive dechlorination, with, for example, up to 70 %o enrichment in carbon isotopic values observed when VC is more than 99% degraded. Comparison of fractionation factors (×) indicates significant differences in carbon isotopic fractionation for different iron types and for different CEs. For the lower CEs (cDCE and VC) in particular, both slower reaction rates and larger fractionation are observed for degradation on Peerless vs. Connelly iron. This is the first study to establish a correlation between the rate of abiotic degradation on Fe(0) and the extent of isotopic fractionation, and the first to confirm consistent differences in these two parameters as a function of iron type. The possibility that these differences in kinetics and carbon isotopic fractionation for cDCE and VC are related to differences in branching ratios between competing hydrogenolysis and β-elimination reactions during reductive dechlorination on the iron surfaces is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02673.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intellectual Capital Profiles: An Examination of Investments and Returns* (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 41 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes:   Using data collected from executives in 208 organizations, this study takes a configurational approach to examine how human, social, and organizational capital coexist to form distinct intellectual capital profiles across organizations. We then examine how investments in human resource management (HRM), information technology (IT), and research and development (R&D) differ across these intellectual capital profiles and investigate differences in financial returns and Tobin's q between the profiles. Results indicate that a relatively small group of superior performing organizations exhibit high levels of human, social, and organizational capital. Most firms, however, tend to focus primarily on only one form of intellectual capital, and a small group of underperforming organizations have very low levels of all three types of intellectual capital. At a general level, HRM and IT investments appear to influence intellectual capital development more than R&D investments. More specifically, HRM investments tend to be higher in firms with profiles high in human and social capital, while IT investments are stronger in firms with profiles high in social capital. Further, HRM, IT, and R&D investments are all very high in the group of superior performing organizations that have high levels of human, social, and organizational capital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00435.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opportunities for Control of Meningococcal Disease in the United States* (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 55 (2004), S. 333-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The United States currently has relatively low rates of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Serogroups Y, C, and B are most common. Although most cases are sporadic, a minority are associated with outbreaks. Pediatric populations have disproportionately higher rates of disease, but nearly two thirds of all cases occur in persons aged 15 years and older. The major challenge to control of domestic meningococcal disease is the absence of a vaccine to prevent sporadic cases spanning many age groups. The quadrivalent A/C/Y/W-135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is licensed in the United States, but because of its limited efficacy in children under two years of age, it is recommended for high-risk groups and outbreak response rather than routine childhood immunization. New conjugate meningococcal vaccines have successfully reduced endemic disease in the United Kingdom, and similar vaccines promise to have a dramatic impact on the burden of meningococcal disease in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a complex chemosensory signal transduction system which controls twitching motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 52 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves the coordinate expression of a wide range of virulence factors including type IV pili which are required for colonization of host tissues and are associated with a form of surface translocation termed twitching motility. Twitching motility in P. aeruginosa is controlled by a complex signal transduction pathway which shares many modules in common with chemosensory systems controlling flagella rotation in bacteria and which is composed, in part, of the previously described proteins PilG, PilH, PilI, PilJ and PilK. Here we describe another three components of this pathway: ChpA, ChpB and ChpC, as well as two downstream genes, ChpD and ChpE, which may also be involved. The central component of the pathway, ChpA, possesses nine potential sites of phosphorylation: six histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) domains, two novel serine- and threonine-containing phosphotransfer (SPt, TPt) domains and a CheY-like receiver domain at its C-terminus, and as such represents one of the most complex signalling proteins yet described in nature. We show that the Chp chemosensory system controls twitching motility and type IV pili biogenesis through control of pili assembly and/or retraction as well as expression of the pilin subunit gene pilA. The Chp system is also required for full virulence in a mouse model of acute pneumonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04026.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-invasive stress assay based upon measurement of free cortisol released into the water by rainbow trout (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A procedure previously used for sex steroids was adapted to extract free cortisol and cortisone from water samples taken from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss tanks. Both corticosteroids could be readily detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA), with cortisol being predominant. All stages of the sampling, extraction and RIA procedure were validated for cortisol. An intermittent problem with poor replication was traced to the use of diethyl ether during the extraction procedure, and was overcome by the use of ethyl acetate. Other modifications were also introduced to speed up the procedure. The concentration and time course of release of both corticosteroids were shown to be related to the degree of stress that the fish had been subjected to. It was confirmed that cortisol concentrations in water and estimated cortisol release rates increased in response to handling stress, and that both were correlated with plasma cortisol concentrations. The potential for using water cortisol concentration and release rates to assess the primary stress response of fishes as a non-invasive alternative to blood sampling is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00499.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoregulation of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 pO157 ecf operon and lipid A myristoyl transferase activity involves intrinsically curved DNA (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Escherichia coli O157:H7 survives in diverse environments from the ruminant gastrointestinal tract to cool nutrient-dilute water. We hypothesized that the gene regulation required for this flexibility includes intrinsically curved DNA that responds to environmental changes. Three intrinsically curved DNAs were cloned from the E. coli O157:H7 virulence plasmid (pO157), sequenced and designated Bent 1 through Bent 3 (BNT1, BNT2 and BNT3). Compared to BNT1 and BNT3, BNT2 had characteristics typical of intrinsically curved DNA including electrophoretic gel retardation at 4°C, six partially phased adenine:thymine tracts and transcriptional activation. BNT2::lacZ operon fusions showed that BNT2 activated transcription at 24°C compared to 37°C and was partially repressed by a bacterial nucleoid-associated protein H-NS. BNT2 regulated the E. coli attaching and effacing gene-positive conserved fragments 1–4 (ecf1–4) that are conserved in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli associated with human disease. Experimental analyses showed that ecf1–4 formed an operon. ecf1, 2 and 3 encoded putative proteins associated with bacterial surface polysaccharide biosynthesis and invasion and ecf4 complemented a chromosomal deletion of lpxM encoding lipid A myristoyl transferase. Mass spectrometric analysis of lipid A from ecf and lpxM single and double mutants showed that myristoylation was altered at lower temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03827.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-based measurement of rainbow trout melatonin (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Melatonin (MLT) was isolated from water samples using solid phase extraction cartridges and measured by radioimmunoassay. In tanks of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, concentrations of MLT in water increased rapidly from 〈0·1 ng l−1 in the light phase to 0·7 ng l−1 in the dark giving calculated release rates of 〈1 ng kg−1 h−1 and 15 ng kg−1 h−1, respectively. This cycle in water MLT values corresponds to reported changes in plasma MLT concentrations. The colour of the tanks and a daytime acute handling stress did not affect concentrations of MLT in either the light or dark phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00531.x
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