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  • 2005-2009  (15)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 1900-1904
  • 2005  (15)
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  • 2005-2009  (15)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 1900-1904
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is an important problem following spinal cord injury (SCI), because it severely affects the quality of life of SCI patients. As in the patient population, the majority of rats develop significant allodynia (CNP rats) after moderate SCI. However, about 10% of SCI rats do not develop allodynia, or develop significantly less allodynia than CNP rats (non-CNP rats). To identify transcriptional changes underlying CNP development after SCI, we used Affymetrix DNA microarrays and RNAs extracted from the spinal cords of CNP and non-CNP rats. DNA microarry analysis showed significantly increased expression of a number of genes associated with inflammation and astrocytic activation in the spinal cords of rats that developed CNP. For example, mRNA levels of glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) and Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) significantly increased in CNP rats. We also found that GFAP, S100β and AQP4 protein elevation persisted for at least 9 months throughout contused spinal cords, consistent with the chronic nature of CNP. Thus, we hypothesize that CNP development results, in part, from dysfunctional, chronically “over-activated” astrocytes. Although, it has been shown that activated astrocytes are associated with peripheral neuropathic pain, this has not previously been demonstrated in CNP after SCI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    New blackfriars 86 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1741-2005
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Theology and Religious Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 14 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disease causing increased levels of phenylalanine in blood and body fluids. Circulating phenylalanine is normally cleared by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) expressed in the liver. The aim of this study is to exploit the skin as a ‘metabolic sink’ removing phenylalanine from the blood. We have previously showed that the overexpression of PAH and GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the cofactor for PAH, leads to high levels of phenylalanine clearance in primary human keratinocytes. In this study, we have investigated the ‘metabolic sink’ strategy in an in vivo model by developing three lines of transgenic mice expressing PAH and GTP-CH in various layers of the skin. The promoters used were keratin 14 (K14), involucrin (INV) and a truncated variant of Keratin 1 (K1). The mice were crossbred to a mouse model of human PKU, the PAHenu2 mouse, in order to obtain mice that do not express PAH in the liver and the kidney. Transgenic mice containing the INV and K14 promoters expressed PAH and GTP-CH in the epidermis. However, the K1 promoter did not lead to detectable gene expression. Analysis of the mice showed that no phenotypic effect was observed in mice expressing PAH and GTP-CH from the INV promoter. However, low level of phenylalanine clearance was observed in mice expressing PAH and GTP-CH from the K14 promoter, suggesting that the skin can be genetically engineered to function as a ‘metabolic sink’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors linked to class I cytokine receptors. In the present study, we investigated whether their distribution in the hypothalamus reflects the feedback regulation by growth hormone and what role they might play in the functioning of target neurones. We demonstrate that each of the seven known STATs has a distinct distribution in the hypothalamus. Notably, the STAT5 proteins, that are important in growth hormone (GH) and prolactin signalling in peripheral tissues, were expressed in somatostatin neurones of the periventricular nucleus and dopamine neurones of the arcuate nucleus. Because somatostatin neurones are regulated by feedback from circulating GH, we investigated the importance of STAT5 in these neurones. We demonstrate that STAT5b protein expression, similar to somatostatin mRNA, is sexually dimorphic in the periventricular nucleus of rats and mice. Furthermore, chronic infusion of male dwarf rats with GH increased the expression of STAT5b, while a single injection of GH into similar rats induced the phosphorylation of STAT5 proteins. The cellular abundance of somatostatin mRNA in STAT5b-deficient mice was significantly reduced in the periventricular nucleus, effectively reducing the sexually dimorphic expression. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that STAT5 proteins are involved in the feedback regulation of somatostatin neurones by GH, and that these neurones may respond to patterned GH secretion to reinforce sexual dimorphism in the GH axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.  Helicobacter pylori has been shown to induce pronounced gastric inflammation in the absence of interleukin-10 (IL-10) by 6 weeks post inoculation. The ability of IL-10−/– mice to eradicate H. pylori has not been demonstrated, possibly due to early sacrifice. Therefore, the long-term effect of enhanced gastritis on H. pylori colonization was determined in IL-10−/– mice.Methods.  C57BL/6 and IL-10−/– mice were infected with H. pylori and assessed for the degree of gastritis, bacterial load, and in vitro T-cell recall response at 4 and 16 weeks of infection.Results.  Infection of IL-10−/– mice resulted in significantly more severe gastritis than wild-type control mice and eradication of H. pylori by 4 weeks post inoculation. By 16 weeks, the level of gastritis in IL-10−/– was reduced to the levels observed in wild-type mice. Splenocytes from IL-10−/– mice were prone to produce significantly greater amounts of IFN-γ than wild-type mice when stimulated with bacterial antigens.Conclusions.  These results indicate that the host is capable of spontaneously eradicating H. pylori from the gastric mucosa when inflammation is elevated beyond the chronic inflammation induced in wild-type mice, and that the gastritis dissipates following bacterial eradication. Additionally, these data provide support for a model of gastrointestinal immunity in which naturally occurring IL-10-producing regulatory T cells modulate the host response to gastrointestinal bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 12 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Inflammatory pseudotumors are a rare entity, the etiology of which is not well understood. It has been postulated that these non-neoplastic lesions are the result of a reaction to trauma, surgery, infection or local irritation, though in many cases an underlying cause is never found. In this case, a 30-year-old man with previously undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus presented with a 2-week history of painless right testicular mass measuring 1 × 1 cm. The patient underwent right radical orchiectomy with histopathological analysis revealing an inflammatory pseudotumor of the testis. Further work up pointed to acute retroviral syndrome as the likely cause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 37 (2005), S. 7-8 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The mutations that cause cancer trigger thousands of perturbations in cell circuitry components, such as changes in gene expression levels. Even though tumorigenesis in mice does not fully parallel that in humans, is it possible that mouse models of cancer share 'conserved' changes that will allow ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Leprosy enables investigation of mechanisms by which the innate immune system contributes to host defense against infection, because in one form, the disease progresses, and in the other, the infection is limited. We report that Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation of human monocytes induces rapid ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 12 (2005), S. 152-159 
    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Botrocetin is a snake venom protein that enhances the affinity of the A1 domain of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) for the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), an event that contributes to bleeding and host death. Here we describe a kinetic and crystallographic analysis of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 46 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  The area of child custody assessments continues to fail to meet the evidence-based threshold now established in clinical practice. This is despite the existence, for many years, of published guidelines governing the practice of custody assessments available from a number of professional bodies.Methods:  This article reviews the potential of attachment theory to contribute to the conceptualization of custody evaluations, clinical assessment, and the development of evidence-based practice. Particular attention is paid to specific instruments used to assess attachment in clinic and non-clinic settings.Results:  Guidelines concerning child custody assessments highlight the particular importance of assessing attachment and parent–child relationship quality. However, measures often used in the course of a custody assessment are not backed up with empirical research, and the measures that are supported by empirical research have been slow to influence practice. There may be conceptual and measurement advantages of considering an attachment research-informed custody assessment.Discussion:  Attachment theory has obvious conceptual relevance for the child custody context. Further clinical research is needed to demonstrate the usefulness of attachment research measures; research of this kind may shed important light on the development and resilience of affectional bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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