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  • 2005-2009  (34)
  • 2005  (34)
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  • 2005-2009  (34)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Food Processing on Blueberry Antiproliferation and Antioxidant Activity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cultivated highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and wild lowbush (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) blueberries are excellent sources of phytochemicals that are believed to have significant biological activity. The objective of this study was to determine whether incorporation of blueberries into food products affects their phenolic content or antioxidant and antiproliferation activity. Several blueberry fruit-containing products including fresh, individually quick frozen (IQF), freeze-dried, spray-dried, heat-dried, cooked, juice concentrate, pie filling, and jam were fractionated to remove sugars and isolate groups of phytochemicals based on solubility. The fractions were analyzed for total phenolics and assayed for ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and hepa-1c1c7 antiproliferative activities. For both cultivated and wild berries, fresh and IQF berries had the highest total phenols, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferation activity. Whole freeze-dried wild blueberries also retained significant antiproliferative activity in 2 fractions eluted with acetone (fraction 4, 4% of control cell growth at 20 (μg/mL) and 50% aqueous acetone (fraction 5, 69% of control cell growth at 20 (μg/mL) and ranked close to the activities recorded for fresh (30% of control cell growth at 20 (μg/mL for fraction 5) and IQF whole fruit (27% of control cell growth at 20 (μg/mL for fraction 5). Products that were heat-processed retained most of the antioxidant activity and total phenolics found in unprocessed whole fruit. However, the heat-treated products lacked or had diminished antiproliferation activity, suggesting that although products may be high in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, some forms of bioactivity may be compromised by harsh processing methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11461.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decision of union workers to participate in employee involvement: an application of the theory of planned behaviour (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 27 (2005), S. 511-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test the ability of the theory of planned behaviour to predict worker intent towards an employee involvement (EI) programme, and the impact of union identification on workers' decision making. Design/methodology/approach - Union workers at a small manufacturing company in the Midwestern United States completed two questionnaires. The first questionnaire provided measures of the attitudinal, normative, and behavioural control components of the theory of planned behaviour and the degree to which they identified with their labour union. In the second questionnaire, the same respondents answered questions to measure their intention to support or oppose an employee involvement (EI) programme. Findings - Intentions to support EI were accurately predicted from attitudes, normative support, and perceived behavioural control (0.05 level). Level of union identification moderated the impact of attitudes on intention to support EI for workers that did not identify heavily with the labour union (0.05 level), but did not moderate the effect of normative support on intention for workers who identified heavily with the labour union. Research limitations/implications - The results indicate that the theory of planned behaviour has the potential to be an effective tool in predicting the behavioural outcomes of union members in the workplace, and that the level of union identification affects decision making. Research is limited by same source methodology and no direct measure of behaviour. Practical implications - Leaders, labour and management, who intend to implement new programmes, should give strong consideration to how workers' social cohorts influence their decision making and plan for this contingency when considering programme changes. Originality/value - The level of union identification influences perception and decision making but has not been considered in models of member decision making. EI research has tended to center on EI as the antecedent to outcomes such as job satisfaction, cooperation, retention, and quality of work life. This paper addresses the role of union identification in support for EI programmes, and uses a well-established behavioural theory to explain workers' decision-making process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425450510612031
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEURAL, HORMONAL and RENAL INTERACTIONS IN LONG-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04198.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RENAL DENERVATION CAUSES CHRONIC HYPOTENSION IN RATS: ROLE OF Β1-ADRENOCEPTOR ACTIVITY (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Renal denervation (RDNX) chronically lowers mean arterial pressure (MAP) in normal rats but mechanisms leading to this hypotensive response remain unknown.2. We hypothesized that this sustained decrease in arterial pressure was because of a loss of β1-adrenoceptor mediated renin secretion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham (SHAM; n = 9), unilateral (UniRDNX; n = 9), or bilateral (RDNX; n = 10) renal denervation groups and instrumented for telemetric MAP measurements, plasma renin concentration (PRC) measurements and intravenous infusion. Twenty-four h MAP, heart rate, sodium and water balances were recorded 5 days before, 3 days during and 3 days after 1-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol.3. The 5-day control MAP was significantly lower in RDNX (97 ± 1 mmHg) compared to SHAM (105 ± 2 mmHg) and UniRDNX (102 ± 2 mmHg) rats. No significant differences in basal PRC were observed between RDNX (2.2 ± 0.3 ngAng1/mL per h), UniRDNX (2.6 ± 0.4 ng/Ang1/mL per h) and SHAM (2.6 ± 0.4 ngAng1/mL per h) rats. By day 1 of atenolol, PRC was significantly lower in UniRDNX rats (1.8 ± 0.2 ngAg1/mL per h) compared to control values, but was unchanged during atenolol infusion in the other groups. By day 3 of atenolol, MAP was significantly decreased in all groups, but the absolute levels of MAP remained statistically different between RDNX (87 ± 1 mmHg) and SHAM (91 ± 1 mmHg) groups.4. We conclude that the arterial pressure lowering effect of RDNX is not solely dependent on the loss of neural control of renin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04179.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HYPOTHESIS: SET-POINTS and LONG-TERM CONTROL OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE. A THEORETICAL ARGUMENT FOR A LONG-TERM ARTERIAL PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE BRAIN RATHER THAN THE KIDNEY (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. It has been hypothesised that the ‘set-point’ for the long-term control of mean arterial (MAP) resides within the kidney. In this model, the set-point of the ‘chronic renal function curve’ establishes the steady state relationship between renal perfusion pressure and urinary excretion of sodium and water, which, in turn, affects blood volume and cardiac output. The ‘renal–MAP set-point’ theory predicts that the kidney controls MAP to maintain its own excretory function and that long-term regulation of blood volume and cardiac output are paramount to the regulation of arterial pressure.2. An alternative hypothesis is proposed in which the ‘set-point’ for the long-term control of MAP resides within the central nervous system (CNS) rather than the kidney. In contrast with the ‘renal–MAP set-point’ model, the ‘CNS-MAP set-point’ model dictates that the brain controls MAP to maintain cerebral blood flow and CNS function.3. The ‘CNS-MAP set-point hypothesis’ predicts that long-term regulation of MAP is paramount to the regulation of blood volume and cardiac output. It is proposed that the ‘CNS-MAP set-point’ system operates independently of the arterial baroreceptor reflex, which is a short-term controller of MAP.4. The precise mechanisms by which the CNS ‘senses’ MAP are complex and remain to be discovered. The MAP ‘sensor’ likely involves integration of hormone levels linked to body fluid homeostasis and osmoreceptor and baroreceptor inputs. It is also proposed that an as yet undiscovered ‘central baroreceptor’ exists within the brain itself.5. The ‘CNS-MAP set-point hypothesis’ predicts that many forms of experimental and essential hypertension are due to a primary shift in the CNS-MAP set-point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04200.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rescue sedation with dexmedetomidine for diagnostic imaging: a preliminary report (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Sedation is frequently required during noninvasive radiological imaging in children. Although commonly used agents such as chloral hydrate and midazolam are generally effective, failures may occur. The authors report their experience with dexmedetomidine for rescue sedation during magnetic resonance imaging.Methods : A retrospective chart review was undertaken.Results : The cohort included five patients ranging in age from 11 months to 16 years. Following the failure of other agents (chloral hydrate and/or midazolam), dexmedetomidine was administered as a loading dose of 0.3–1.0 μg·kg−1·min−1 over 5–10 min followed by an infusion of 0.5–1.0 μg·kg−1·h−1. The dexmedetomidine loading dose required to induce sedation was 0.78 ± 0.42 μg·kg−1 (range 0.3–1.2). The maintenance infusion rate was 0.57 ± 0.06 μg·kg−1·h−1 (range 0.48–0.69). The imaging procedures were completed without difficulty. No patient required additional bolus administrations or changes in the infusion rate. The duration of the dexmedetomidine infusion ranged from 30 to 50 min. The mean decrease in heart rate was 13.6 ± 5.1 b·min−1 (14.3 ± 5.0% from baseline; P = 0.02), the mean decrease in systolic blood pressure was 26.4 ± 15.2 mmHg (24.6 ± 12.4% decrease from baseline; P = 0.004), and the mean decrease in respiratory rate was 1.4 ± 1.5 min−1 (7.5 ± 7.9% decrease from baseline; P = NS). PECO2 exceeded 6.5 kPa (50 mmHg) in one patient [maximum 6.6 kPa (51 mmHg)] with a maximum value of 6.0 ± 0.4 kPa (46 ± 3 mmHg). Oxygen saturation decreased from 98 ± 1 to 95 ± 1%; P = 0.001. No patient developed hypoxemia (oxygen saturation less than 90%). Mean time to recovery to baseline status was 112.5 ± 50.6 min and time to discharge was 173.8 ± 83.8 min.Conclusions : Our preliminary experience suggests that dexmedetomidine may be an effective agent for procedural sedation during radiological imaging. Its potential application in this setting is discussed and other reports regarding its use in pediatric patients are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01416.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nesiritide during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nesiritide is a recombinant formulation of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Preliminary experience in the adult population has shown nesiritide to be an effective agent in the treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) in adults. Given its physiological effects, it may be an effective agent in other clinical scenarios. We report the use of nesiritide in two infants during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In one patient, nesiritide in doses up to 0.09 μg·kg−1·min−1 were used to control mean arterial pressure while in the other patient, doses of 0.01–0.03 μg·kg−1·min−1 were used to augment urine output. The potential applications of nesiritide and dosing regimens for this agent in the ECMO population are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01398.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary experience with oral dexmedetomidine for procedural and anesthetic premedication (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Oral premedication is often required in children to provide anxiolysis and lessen the psychological impact of hospitalization and/or procedures. We present our experience with dexmedetomidine as an oral premedicant prior to procedural sedation or anesthetic induction.Methods : We undertook a retrospective review of the anesthesia or sedation service records of patients who received oral dexmedetomidine.Results : The cohort for the study included 13 patients ranging in age from 4 to 14 years. Oral dexmedetomidine (mean dose: 2.6 ± 0.83 μg·kg−1; range 1.0–4.2 μg·kg−1) was used as premedication prior to anesthesia induction in four patients and prior to intravenous (IV) cannula placement for procedural sedation in nine patients with neurobehavioral problems. Effective sedation was achieved in 11 of 13 patients. The one patient in whom anxiolysis was not achieved received the lowest dose of dexmedetomidine (1 μg·kg−1) prior to anesthesia induction. In the other three patients, parental separation and acceptance of the mask was achieved at 20–30 min with a dose of 2.5 μg·kg−1. When used for procedural sedation, placement of an IV cannula was accomplished without difficulty in seven of eight patients with neurobehavioral disorders and with only mild resistance in the other. No complications were noted and parental satisfaction with the sedation experience was high.Conclusions : These preliminary data suggest that dexmedetomidine may be an effective oral premedicant prior to anesthesia induction or procedural sedation. We found that it was effective even in patients with neurobehavioral disorders in whom previous attempts at sedation had failed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01623.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Newly diagnosed childhood diabetes: a psychosocial transition for parents? (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim.  This paper reports a study to gain a new theoretical understanding of parental grief responses and the process of adaptation to a diagnosis of childhood diabetes.Background.  A diagnosis of childhood (type 1) diabetes is an anxious and distressing event for the whole family. Little is known about the experience of parents of newly diagnosed children as they cope with and adapt to their new situation. Parkes’ Theory of Psychosocial Transition proposes that life-change events, or ‘psychosocial transitions’, require people to undertake a major revision of their assumptions about the world. The relevance of this theory to adjusting to a diagnosis of childhood diabetes has not been explored.Method.  Forty audio taped in-depth interviews were undertaken with 38 parents of 20 newly-diagnosed children. The data were subsequently examined using the framework of the Theory of Psychosocial Transition.Findings.  Before diagnosis, most parents associated their child's symptoms with normal childhood illnesses. The unexpectedness and speed of the diagnosis left all parents ill-prepared to deal with the situation. Their world suddenly changed, leaving them insecure and uncertain about the future. Diabetes intruded emotionally and practically upon all of their lives. Parents successfully adjusted and adapted their lives and rebuilt a new model of the world to accommodate their child's diabetes. However, this dynamic process has no guaranteed endpoint for parents.Conclusions.  A diagnosis of childhood diabetes leads to a psychosocial transition for parents. The concept of transition provides a logical explanation of parents’ responses to loss, and allows increased understanding of the grieving and adaptation processes experienced by parents of children diagnosed with a chronic condition such as diabetes. This knowledge should help health care professionals to assist parents in the period of transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03388.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of mRNA translation preserves endoplasmic reticulum function in beta cells and maintains glucose homeostasis (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 11 (2005), S. 757-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Type 2 diabetes is a disorder of hyperglycemia resulting from failure of beta cells to produce adequate insulin to accommodate an increased metabolic demand. Here we show that regulation of mRNA translation through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) is essential to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1259
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