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  • 2020-2023
  • 1990-1994  (31)
  • 1950-1954
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (19)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein design on computers. Five new proteins: Shpilka, grendel, fingerclasp, leather, and aida (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein structure ; protein sequences ; protein design de novo ; protein engineering ; computer algorithms ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: What is the current state of the art in protein design? This question was approached in a recent two-week protein design workshop sponsored by EMBO and held at the EMBL in Heidelberg. The goals were to test available design tools and to explore new design strategies. Five novel proteins were designed: Shpilka, a sandwich of two four-stranded β-sheets, a scaffold on which to explore variations in loop topology; Grendel, a four-helical membrane anchor, ready for fusion to water-soluble functional domains; Fingerclasp, a dimer of interdigitating β-β-α units, the simplest variant of the “handshake” structural class; Aida, an antibody binding surface intended to be specific for flavodoxin; Leather - a minimal NAD binding domain, extracted from a larger protein. Each design is available as a set of three-dimensional coordinates, the corresponding amino acid sequence and a set of analytical results. The designs are placed in the public domain for scrutiny, improvement, and possible experimental verification.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340120203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of ciliary orientation in ciliated sheets from Paramecium-differential distribution of sensitivity to cyclic nucleotides (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 20 (1991), S. 38-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cilia ; calcium ; cAMP ; differential response ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ciliated sheets of cell cortex were prepared from Triton-glycerol-extracted Paramecium to observe directly the change of ciliary orientation. The observation of the ciliary responses revealed the modes of ciliary control by Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides. The cilia changed their pointing direction clockwise from 11-12 to 5 o'clock (with the anterior of the cell defined as 12 o'clock) in the horizontal plane of cell surface when Ca2+ concentration was decreased from 10-6 M to 10-7 M. Cyclic AMP competed with Ca2+ ion in determining the orientation of the cilia. On the other hand, cGMP tended to change the ciliary orientation toward 3 o'clock. Ciliary sensitivity to cyclic nucleotides depended on their location on the cell surface. The cilia on the left-hand field of the cell were more sensitive to cyclic nucleotide than those on the right-hand field. The differential distribution of ciliary sensitivity within a single cell seems to be functional in the sophisticated turning mechanism in the behavioral response of Paramecium.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970200105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective lectin-binding sites of primordial germ cells in chick and quail embryos (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 233 (1992), S. 625-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To ascertain the histochemical characteristics of surface carbohydrates on avian primordial germ cells (PGC), we examined the distribution of binding sites for several biotinylated lectins in chick and quail embryos. Some binding sites were detected almost selectively with PGC but not with other embryonic sites. Of these, lectin from Sojanum tuberosum (STA) reacted with PGC in both avian species, whereas lectin from Wistaria floribunda (WFA) and Griffonia simplicifolia II (GS-II) reacted in the quail and the chick, respectively. The binding site for STA was found at the cell surface and cytoplasm of the PGC from their initial appearance in the germinal crescent through migration to sexually indifferent gonads, whereas the WFA reaction was seen at stages before and during migration. These reactivities showed most intensely on the surface of PGC at the peak of their migration. In contrast, GS-II binding site was restricted to the cytoplasm, and its distribution was similar to that of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycogen granules in chick PGC. These results suggest that some selective binding sites on the PGC surface play a significant role in their migration and show that lectins STA, WFA, and GS-II can be used as probes for identification of the avian PGC. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092330416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectopic colonization of primordial germ cells in the chick embryo lacking the gonads (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 229 (1991), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick primordial germ cells (PGCs) first appear in the extraembryonic region in the early embryo, then temporarily circulate via the blood vascular system and finally migrate into the gonadal anlagen. In the present study, we examined the trend of ectopic distribution of PGCs in the chick embryo when its future gonadal region had been removed a t an early stage. Embryos at stage 10, from which the caudal third region was excised, were incubated until they reached stages 14 to 20. In embryos at stage 14, about 80% of the total PGCs were found in the capillaries of the yolk sac, whereas others were observed in the head, mainly in the mesenchyme and small vessels close to the neural tube. From stage 18 onward, many PGCs accumulated in the embryo proper; about 90% of them colonized in the head region around the neural tube. These ectopic PGCs in the head were found in the capillaries, sometimes as thrombi or emerging from them into the adjacent mesenchyme. These results show that, when the chick embryo lacked gonads, the PGCs could be concentrated in the head region and migrated from the capillaries into the mesenchyme.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092290112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of variant palatal rugae in normal and corticosteroid-treated mouse embryos (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 230 (1991), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fourteen- and 15-day mouse embryos treated with triamcinolone on day 11 of gestation were examined for the presence of variant rugae. Nontreated mouse embryos served as controls. Variant rugae found were classified into five types. All five types of variations (bifurcation, division, supernumerary, shortness and cross) were observed in triamcinolone-treated embryos, and shortness was most frequently seen. Supernumerary, bifurcation and division were ranked next, following by cross. Variant, rugae, except the cross, were also observed in nontreated embryos in low frequencies, but more than one-half of them were the bifurcation of the second ruga. Divided rugae ranked next, and supernumerary and shortness were found occasionally. Except for the bifurcated and supernumerary rugae, the greater part of the variant rugae were found in the fifth and fourth ruga in the triamcinolone-treated groups and in the fifth ruga in the nontreated groups. As the incidence of variant rugae in the triamcinolone-treated embryos was significantly higher than that in the nontreated, it was regarded as one of the changes induced by the corticoid. Based on the characteristic features of the rugal region, it is speculated that the formation of variant rugae is associated with the disturbance of normal epithelial-mesenchymal interaction which may be controlled by the nerve fibers appearing at the time of rugal formation. The relationship between the increased appearance of variant rugae and the failure of palatal shelf elevation was examined, but no direct evidence was obtained.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092300112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of primordial germ cells in the quail embryo (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Primordial germ cells ; Ultrastructure ; Nucleolus ; Quail embryo ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An avian species, the quail has become a desirable animal model in experimental embryology and reproductive biology. To understand the ultrastructural characteristics of primordial germ cells (PGC) of this species, we studied PGC in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryo at various developmental stages from their appearance in the germinal crescent through migration to settlement in the gonadal ridges by means of electron microscopy. The results were compared with those of another well-known avian species, the chick. Several ultrastructural characteristics of quail PGC not described previously in chick PGC were observed as follows: (1) No glycogen particles were detected in the cytoplasm at any stage examined. (2) Electron-dense and membrane-bounded granules were found in the PGC cytoplasm during the sexually indifferent gonadal stages. (3) Quail PGC were characterized by a prominent nucleolus associated with condensed chromatin (heterochromatin), and the developmental changes of the nucleus, were noted; the nucleolus initially appeared as a compact mass at the germinal crescent stage and became dispersed at later stages during the colonization of the gonadal ridges. These findings suggest several physiological and functional differences in the cell cycle between these two avian species. This is the first report describing detailed ultrastructural characteristics of PGC in the quail embryo. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360314
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translocation of enamel proteins from inner enamel epithelia to odontoblasts during mouse tooth development (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 238 (1994), S. 383-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Tooth development ; Mouse ; Protein translocation ; Amelogenin ; Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions ; Intercellular communication ; Immunocytochemistry ; Differential gene expression ; In vitro organ culture ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The developmental problem of how dental epithelia and/or dental papilla ectomesenchyme induce and/or up- or down-regulate tooth formation are as yet unresolved issues. We have desinged studies to map the synthesis and fate pathways of secreted amelogenin proteins from Kallenbach differentiation zones II-IV during in vivo and in vitro mouse mandibular first molar tooth development (M1). Tooth organs from cap, bell, and crown stages were processed for reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and high resolution Protein A immunocytochemistry using anti-amelogenin and anti-peptide antibodies. Cap stage M1 were cultured for periods ranging from 10-21 days in vitro using either serumless, or 15% fetal calf sera-supplemented, chemically-defined medium. Amelogenin transcripts are expressed in the mouse embryonic molar from E15 through early postnatal development. Amelogenin antigens were first detected in Kallenbach's differentiation zone II. Amelogenin proteins secreted from preameloblasts were identified along cell processes and cell surfaces of odontoblasts adjacent to forming mantle dentine extracellular matrix (ECM) prior to biomineralization. Amelogenin proteins were restricted to forming endocytotic vesicles, clathrin-coated vesicles, and lysozomes within odontoblasts. At later stages (e.g. 2 days postnatal development), enamel proteins were not identified in odontoblasts or predentine matrix following mineralization. Comparable observations for stages of development were noted for in vitro cultured tooth explants. Preameloblasts synthesize and secrete amelogenin proteins which bind to odontoblast cell surfaces possibly through the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. We conclude that amelogenin proteins secreted from preameloblasts, prior to the initiation of biomineralization, were translocated to odontoblasts to serve as yet unknown biological functions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092380313
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological analysis of the cellular interaction between thymocytes and a thymic stromal cell line (TEL-2) (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 230 (1991), S. 524-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a previous study (Nakashima et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 20: 47-53, 1990), a cloned stromal cell line TEL-2 was established from Balb/c mouse thymus. Incubation of thymocytes with TEL-2 cells resulted in the selective elimination of CD4 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes from the culture. In the present report, both phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopes were used to examine, at various time intervals, TEL-2 cells cocultivated with thymocytes in order to elucidate the kinetic sequence of their cellular interaction. The thymocytes attached to the TEL-2 cell surface were more numerous at early times (30 min to 1 h), and their number decreased gradually with time. In contrast, the thymocytes that migrated into the TEL-2 cell layers were less abundant at early times, their number increasing with time thereafter. Destruction of the regular arrangement of TEL-2 cells was found at later than 1 h, suggesting active cellular interaction. The thymocytes adherent to the TEL-2 cell surface were found to be of various shapes and often showed variable profiles, e.g., extending small cytoplasmic processes along the surface of TEL-2 cells or appearing ameboidal. A remarkable feature of the TEL-2 cells was that they formed numerous “round spaces” at the surface of the TEL-2 cell layers. The thymocytes were often located around “round spaces,” and some were seen migrating into TEL-2 cell layers through these round spaces. In addition, complementary examinations by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the internalization of thymocytes into TEL-2 cells occurs inside the TEL-2 cell layers after migration. Thus, the present study confirmed the existence of a certain type of cellular interaction between thymocytes and TEL-2 cells. The TEL-2 cell line may provide a model system for the study of the selection mechanism in the process of T-cell maturation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092300412
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis and function of membrane bound and secreted forms of recombinant CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 52 (1993), S. 183-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: integrin ; CD11b/CD18 ; Mac-1 ; Leu-CAM ; neutrophil ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Full-length (membrane bound) and truncated (secreted) forms of the beta 2 integrin heterodimer, CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), were expressed in a human kidney cell line (293) that normally does not express leukocyte adhesion molecules (Leu-CAMs). The biosynthesis of recombinant Mac-1 in 293 cells differed from that reported for leukocytes in that heterodimer formation was not required for CD11b to be exported to the cell surface. A stable cell line was constructed that constitutively secreted the recombinant, truncated Mac-1 heterodimer into growth conditioned cell culture medium. A novel monoclonal antibody that enabled an immunoaffinity method for the selective purification of recombinant Mac-1 heterodimers was identified. Sufficient protein was purified to allow the first measurement of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for CD11b/CD18 and for the direct comparison of the inhibitory activity of recombinant soluble Mac-1 with that of various CD18 and CD11b specific monoclonal antibodies. Purified recombinant soluble Mac-1 inhibited the binding of neutrophils, activated by opsonized zymosan or fMet-Leu-Phe peptide, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similarly, the recombinant integrin was effective in inhibiting the binding of unactivated neutrophils to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) activated endothelial cells. The availability of an abundant source of purified, biologically active Mac-1 will enable direct physical and chemical investigations into the relationship between the structure and function of this leukocyte adhesion molecule.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240520210
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chymotrypsin inhibitory conformation of dipeptides constructed by side chain-side chain hydrophobic interactions (1993)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 6 (1993), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A complete series of configurationally isomers (L-L, L-D, D-L AND D-D) of a dipeptide Leu-Phe benzyl ester have been synthesized and assayed for chymotrypsin. In the conformational analysis by 400 MMz 1H NMR, the L-D and D-L isomers, but not hte L-L and D-D isomers, showed fairly large up field shifts (0.2-0.4 ppm) of Leu-βCH2 and γCH proton signals, indicating the presence of shielding effects from the benzene ring. In addition to distinct signal splitting of Phe-βCH2, the NOE enhancement observed between Leu-δCH3 and Phe-phenyl groups revealed that these groups are in close proximity. These data indicated that L-D and D-L isomers from a hydrophobic core between side chains of adjacent Leu and Phe residues. When the dipeptides were examined for inhibition of chymotrypsin using Ac-Try-OEt as a substrate, the L-L isomer showed no inhibition, itself becoming a substrate. However, the other three isomers inhibited chymotrypsin in a competitive manner, and the D-L isomer was strongest with Ki of 2.2 × 10-5 M. It was found that the D-L isomer was only slowly hydrolysed but the L(or D)-D isomer was not. H-D-Phe-L-Leu-OBzl with the inverse sequence of H-D-Leu-L-Pre-OBzl inhibited chymotrypsin more strongly (Ki = 6.3 × 10-6 M). Since the free acid analogue of the D-L isomer exhibited no inhibition, the benzyl ester moiety itself was thought to be involved in the enzyme inhibition. It is assumed that in the inhibitory conformation the ester-benzyl group fits the S1 site of chymotrypsin, while the side chain-side chain complexing hydrophobic core fits the S2 site.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmr.300060207
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