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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictors of toxicity in treating patients with neuroblastoma by radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 46-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Metaiodobenzylguanidine ; Therapy ; Toxicity ; Thrombocytopenia ; Dosimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We searched for methods that would enable prescriptions of the maximum tolerable doses of iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and iodine-125 MIBG in the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. We correlated doses, defined in different ways, with subsequent platelet levels in treated patients to determine accurate predictors of the most frequent toxicity, thrombocytopenia. Nine patients with neuroblastoma were given 131I-MIBG (4.9–8.1 GBq or 132–220 mCi) and ten were given 125I-MIBG (8.3-30.0 GBq or 224–809 mCi) as initial treatments. These therapies were sufficiently varied that correlations could be made between indices of the doses and the subsequent toxicity as reflected in circulating platelet levels. Predictors of toxicity were: whole-body absorbed dose of radiation (cGy) calculated from pretherapy tracer doses of 131I-MIBG; GBq/kg of body weight; and GBq/m2 of body surface area. Toxicity was recorded as the nadir of the platelet level and platelet/pretherapeutic level (platelet ratio). For treatments with 131I-MIBG, the highest correlation was obtained between cGy and the logo10-transformed platelet ratio (r=−0.86), but comparison of GBq/m2 and the platelet nadir (r=−0.76) or the platelet ratio (r=−0.74) or the log10 − transformed platelet ratio (r=−0.73) gave comparable and statistically significant results. For treatments with 125I-MIBG, significant correlations were obtained between GBq/m2 and the platelet ratio (r=−0.81) or GBq/kg and the log10 −-transformed platelet ratio; the correlation between cGy and any toxicity index was low. Per administered GBq, 131I-MIBG was 2.6 times more potent than 125I-MIBG in causing a platelet ratio of 0.1. Thus, in predicting toxicity, therapeutic doses of 131I-MIBG expressed as GBq/m2 performed satisfactorily and almost as well as whole-body cGy, and treatment doses of 125I-MIBG expressed as GBq/m2 or GBq/kg performed satisfactorily and much better than whole-body cGy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phaeochromocytoma and functioning paraganglioma in childhood and adolescence: role of iodine 131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 18 (1991), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Phaeochromocytoma ; Paraganglioma ; childhood ; Adolescence ; Metaiodobenzylguanidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phaeochromocytomas and functioning paragangliomas are rare tumours in childhood and adolescence. We review our experience of 43 cases (24 men, 19 women) who were first diagnosed at the age of ⩽ 18 years. All patients were evaluated at some point in their illness with iodine 131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-mIBG) scintigraphy. Eight patients (19%) had bilateral adrenal tumours, 12 (28%) had solitary extra-adrenal tumours, and 8 (19%) had multiple tumours. In 10 patients (23%), the tumours were associated with a familial neurocristopathic syndrome. Thirteen of 24 (54%) unifocal tumours which were initially considered to be benign ultimately proved to be multi-focal and/or malignant. The final prevalence of malignancy was 60% − 26 patients, of whom only 15 (57%) had obviously malignant tumours at the time of diagnosis. Primary tumour size ⋝5 cm was more commonly associated with a malignant course in adrenal but not extra-adrenal tumours. No other clinical, biochemical or morphological characteristic was significantly associated with malignancy. Although the high prevalence of malignancy in this series at least partly reflects referral bias, the need for lifelong follow-up of these patients is underscored.131I-mIBG scintigraphy was positive in 36 patients (84%), with a somewhat lower false-negative rate (12%) than X-ray computed tomography (20%). Eight patients with malignant tumours received therapeutic doses of131I-mIBG, with partial tumour responses in 3. Thus,131I-mIBG is an efficacious, non-invasive, localising agent and may be considered as a palliative therapeutic agent when alternatives have failed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262730
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a cascade of two continuous stirred tank polymerization reactors with a binary initiator mixture (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 333-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of two continuous stirred tank reactors in series has been investigated for free radical solution polymerization of styrene with a binary mixture of two initiators having different thermal decomposition activities. For a wide range of initiator feed composition, both reactors exhibit quite complex nonlinear steady state and transient behavior. When the reactor residence time is used as a bifurcation parameter, the second reactor can have up to five steady states. For certain range of reactor operating conditions, bifurcations to various types of periodic solutions have been observed, such as Hopf bifurcation, isolas, period doubling, period-doubling cascade, and homoclinics. The effects of other reactor variables, such as total initiator concentration, coolant temperature, and reactor volume ratio on the reactor dynamics, are illustrated to show the complex dynamic behavior of the two-reactor system catalyzed by a mixture of t-butyl perbenzoate and benzoyl peroxide.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310506
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a continuous stirred tank reactor for styrene polymerization initiated by a binary initiator mixture. II: Effect of viscosity dependent heat transfer coefficient (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 494-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of the solution polymerization of styrene in a continuous stirred tank reactor is analyzed with a mixture of tert-butyl perbenzoate and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator system. In the modeling of the reactor, a viscosity dependent reactor wall heat transfer coefficient is used to account for the changing heat transfer efficiency as monomer conversion and polymer molecular weight increase. The steady state and bifurcation behaviors have been investigated with the reactor residence time, initiator feed composition, initiator concentration, feed solvent volume fraction, and coolant temperature as bifurcation parameters. Unlike the reactors with constant heat transfer coefficient, the present system exhibits relatively simple steady state and dynamic bifurcation behaviors. Oscillatory behavior is observed only when the solvent volume fraction in the feed exceeds 0.2. The dynamic simulation of the reactor also indicates that a feedback temperature controller may fail to maintain the reactor temperature when the heat transfer coefficient changes as a result of process disturbances.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320707
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of a CSTR for styrene polymerization initiated by a binary initiator system (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The steady state and dynamic behavior of a continuous stirred tank reactor has been analyzed for free radical solution polymerization of styrene initiated by a mixture of two initiators having different thermal stabilities. From the steady state analysis of the reactor model with a mean residence time as a bifurcation parameter, four unique regions of steady state solutions are identified in an operating parameter space for a given initiator feed composition. A variety of complex bifurcation behavior such as multiple steady states, Hopf bifurcation and limit cycles have been observed and their stability characteristics have been analyzed. The effects of feed initiator composition and the concentration of the initiator in the feed stream on the reactor dynamics are also presented.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of emulsion size distribution by NMR restricted diffusion measurement (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1671-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381019
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slotted orifice flowmeter (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1757-1760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prepreg processing science and engineering (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1177-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Resin flow and fiber spreading during the prepregging process were investigated experimentally using a scale-down version of a commercial hot-melt prepregger with bismaleimides and carbon fibers as model systems. Specifically, several dimensionless parameters such as the Prepreg Flow Number, fractional resin uptake, resin distribution function, fractional width change, and prepregging efficiency were defined to characterize the prepregging process as well as the quality of the prepreg. Fiber spreading during the prepregging process was observed to be a viscoelastic phenomenon depending on the impregnation temperature. For resin impregnation into collimated fiber tows, all the experimental data points obtained at different operating conditions were superimposed onto a single line showing a temperature-pressure-velocity superposition for the prepregging process as predicted by the definition of the Prepreg Flow Number (PFN). Finally, three fundamental steps of the prepregging process were identified and confirmed with cross-sectional micrographs of unaged prepregs produced at different temperatures.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331805
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrices in a flat braid process (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 38-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of blending thermoplastic filament fibers with carbon filament fibers in varying yarn forms to study the efficiency of matrix wetting and infiltration into a laminate. Poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) and poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) were studied in commingled, DREF, and powder form, as a flat triaxial braid. The as-braided and laminated specimens were both subjected to tensile testing and optical microscopy to establish the efficiency of the impregnation process. It was observed that both thermoplastic matrices commingled with carbon yarn maximized the tensile properties and produced the best quality laminate. To impart the best translational properties of the thermoplastic matrix to the carbon/thermoplastic composite, improvements are necessary in the commingling and powder infiltration processes.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Material response of a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer and composite in relation to process cooling history (1992)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 13 (1992), S. 86-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A model capable of predicting the process-induced macroscopic in-plane material response of semicrystalline thermoplastic matrices and their composites was developed. Thi sinvestigation focused on the material response of a single layer or ply of neat PEEK matrix and its carbon fiber composite (APC-2) when subjected to various processing histories. Specifically, the response of the material moduli and processing strains as a function of temperature and the degree of crystallinity were studied. The kinetic-viscoelastic response of the matrix was determined from a modified form of the Standard Linear Solid model. A constitutive relation was proposed to quantify resign shrinkage as a function of thermal history, which incorporated crystallization. For a specific process history, the effective composite mechanical properties were determined from micromechanics models. Both neat and composite processing strains were evaluated to show the effect of fibers on the matrix dominated response (90° direction). In addition, comparisons of model moduli predictions with experimental measurements were performed. This study demonstrated that an increase in the degree of crystallinity results in an asymmetric shift of the modulus in the glass transition region to higher temperatures. Also, strains due to crystallization were predicted to be much smaller in comparison to the strains resulting from thermal contraction of the PEEK matrix.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750130204
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