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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lactulose and polyethylene glycol on colonic transit (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The effects of lactulose and polyethylene glycol on colonic transit are poorly established.Aim: To assess the effects of these laxatives on colonic transit in normal subjects.Methods : Colonic transit (mean residence time, cumulative counts in stool, counts remaining in the proximal or distal colon) was measured scintigraphically in normal subjects on the second and third day of a 3-day ingestion of 67–134 g/day lactulose, or 59 g/day polyethylene glycol.Results : At similar stool weight (lactulose: 653 ± 120 g/day; polyethylene glycol: 522 ± 66 g/day), transit was significantly slower during 99 g/day lactulose when compared with 59 g/day polyethylene glycol; this was most pronounced in the distal colon (mean residence time: lactulose – 403 ± 55 min; polyethylene glycol – 160 ± 41.9 min). Short chain fatty acid concentration in 24-h stool correlated significantly with counts remaining in the distal colon at 12 h(r = 0.79, P = 0.001). Increasing lactulose doses were significantly associated with increasing stool weight (r = 0.79) and shorter mean residence time in the total (r = −0.56) and distal colon (r = −0.64). The sum of faecal carbohydrates plus short chain fatty acids was associated with stool weight (r = 0.95, P 〈 0.001).Conclusion : Lactulose accelerates colonic transit. However, compared with polyethylene glycol, transit during lactulose is prolonged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02244.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiography ofCoelopa frigida (Diptera) embryos, after labeling with3H-uridine during various phases of oogenesis (1976)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 180 (1976), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; Nucleotides ; Embryogenesis ; Dipteran Oogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of tritiated (3H) uridine or its derivatives in embryos of the kelp flyCoelopa frigida is analyzed by autoradiography. The radioactive label is introduced into the growing oocyte, after injectio into females at different time periods post eclosion. The majority of the label remains in the cytoplasm for the entire embryonic development and is presumably incorporated into stable RNA. Only when the precursor is injected toward the final stages of oogenesis, can presence of label be detected in the nuclei, for a short time period during the blastodern stage. Since no preferential location in nucleoli is found, it appears possible that labeled cytidine could have been derived from the original precursor which would be available for incorporation into DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848777
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon-α treatment in multiple myeloma: Meta-analysis of 30 randomised trials among 3948 patients (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1427-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cost-effectiveness ; induction ; interferon-α ; maintenance ; meta-analysis ; multiple myeloma ; overall survival ; relapse-free survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:After two decades of interferon (IFN) treatment inmyeloma patients and many randomised clinical trials, no definite proof of itsbenefits exists. This meta-analysis of all available relevant published datatests the differences between IFN and control arms in a large patientpopulation and addresses the issue of cost-effectiveness. Patients and methods:Meta-analysis was performed on 17 trialsamong 2333 patients who received IFN-chemotherapy induction treatment orchemotherapy alone and on 13 trials among 1615 patients on IFN maintenancetherapy or without treatment. Response rates and parameters of publishedKaplan–Meier relapse-free and overall survival curves were analysed. Results:Patients in IFN arms showed significantly better resultsin all investigated parameters: IFN-chemotherapy induction treatment yielded6.6% higher response rates (2P 〈 0.002) as well as4.8-month and 3.1-month prolongations of relapse-free (P 〈 0.01)and overall survival (P 〈 0.01), respectively. Interferonmaintenance therapy lead to 4.4-month (P 〈 0.01) and 7.0-month(P 〈 0.01) prolongations of relapse-free and overall survival,respectively. Meta-analysis of all IFN trials combined resulted in 4.6-monthand 3.7-month IFN-related gains in relapse-free and overall survival,respectively. As early as 6 and 12 months after the start of IFN treatment,percentages of cumulative relapse-free and overall survival were alwayssignificantly higher in IFN trial arms. IFN drug expenses for a one-yearsurvival gain, as determined from AUCs of best-fitted Gompertz functions ofIFN and control survival curves, were estimated to be US$42,482.28 forinduction therapy and US$18,968.16 for maintenance treatment. Conclusions:Significantly superior outcomes were consistentlyfound in IFN trial arms by meta-analysis of published data. These results arein accordance with a concomittantly conducted meta-analysis on individualpatient data but were much easier to accrue. Taking all our results intoaccount, i.e., the consistently significant, although limited, improvement ofclinical outcomes and its acceptable cost-effectiveness, IFN treatment ofpatients with multiple myeloma seems worthwhile to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026548226770
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gold-Komplexe von Diphosphinomethanen, III. AuII-Verbindungen durch oxidative Addition von Halogen (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 2758-2764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gold Complexes of Diphosphinomethanes, III. AuII Compounds by Means of Oxidative Addition of HalogenOxidative addition of halogen to the 1:2 complexes of bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and -propane with AuCl (1a, 5) leads to products which are formulated partly as AuI/AuIII compounds (2a, b), but partly also as true AuII derivatives (6a, b). The addition of iodine to the AuI complex yields an adduct of the type 4. For the characterisation of the largely insoluble materials, infrared, Mössbauer, and ESCA spectroscopy have been employed.
    Notes: Durch oxidative Addition von Halogen an 1:2-Komplexe von Bis(diphenylphosphino)methan und -propan mit AuCl (1a, 5) entstehen Produkte, die teilweise als AuI/AuIII-Verbindungen (2a, b), teilweise aber auch als echte AuII-Derivate zu formulieren sind (6a, b). Die Anlagerung von Iod an den AuI-Komplex liefert nur ein Addukt vom Typ 4. Zur Charakterisierung der fast ausnahmslos unlöslichen Substanzen wurden die Infrarot-, Mössbauer-und ESCA-Spektroskopie herangezogen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19771100811
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Studies and Catalytic Activity of MCM-41 and MCM-48 Modified With the Titanocenophane [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2]TiCl2 (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Mesoporous materials ; MCM-41 ; MCM-48 ; Immobilisation ; Solid-state NMR ; Heterogeneous catalysis ; Titanium ; Titanocenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titanium(IV)-grafted mesoporous silicas have been prepared by diffusion of an excess of the ansa-bridged titanocene [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2]TiCl2 into the channels of hexagonal MCM-41 and cubic MCM-48 in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The choice of solvent determines the course of the reaction and hence the activity of the resulting materials as catalysts in the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene with tert-butylhydroperoxide. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR (13C, 29Si) spectroscopy was used to characterise the local environment of the surface-bound titanium active sites. When dichloromethane is used, the dominant species anchored to the surface are isolated ansa-bridged titanocene fragments. When THF is used, the [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2] unit is lost with the concomitant formation of surface-bound TiIV species coordinated by THF molecules. These materials showed the best catalytic performance per Ti atom for the conversion of cyclooctene. All materials were further characterised by means of elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and FTIR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gold-Komplexe von Diphosphinomethanen, IV. AuI-Verbindungen von Diphosphinoaminen und oxidative Addition von Chlor zu AuII- und AuIII-Komplexen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gold Complexes of Diphosphinomethanes, IV. Au1 Compounds of Diphosphinoamines and Oxidative Addition of Chlorine Yielding AuII and AuIII ComplexesBis(diphenylphosphino)amine (DPA) reacts with two equivalents of ClAu(CO) to form a binuclear gold complex HN[P(C6H5)2AuCl]2 (1). The analogous methylamine derivative (2) is prepared more easily from the ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)methylamine (DPMA) and HAuCl4 in ethanol. Excess DPMA. in the same solvent, yields a cyclic 1:1 complex 3 which is electrolytically dissociated in acetonitrile. 2 can be oxidized using stoichiometric amounts of chlorine to form complexes with the formal oxidation states +2 (5) and +3 (6) of gold. l97Au Mößbauer spectra prove that 5 is indeed not a mixed Au1/AuIII compound but contains the structural moiety Au24⊕.  -  DPA can be metallated at the nitrogen with n-C4H9Li and transformed into [(C6H5)2P]2NSI(CH3)3 using (CH3)3SiCi, but no gold complex was obtained from this ligand.
    Notes: Bis(diphenylphosphino)amin (DPA) reagiert mit zwei Äquivalenten ClAu(CO) zum zweikernigen Goldkomplex HN[P(C6H5)2AuCl]2 (1). Das analoge Methylaminderivat (2) kann leichter aus dem Liganden Bis(diphenylphosphino)methylamin (DPMA) und HAuCl4 in Ethanol erhalten werden. Überschüssiges DPMA ergibt im gleichen Solvens den cyclischen 1 : 1-Komplex 3, der in Acetonitril elektrolytisch dissoziiert. 2 kann mit stöchiometrischen Mengen Chlor in Komplexe übergeführt werden, in denen Gold formal die Oxidationsstufen +2 (5) und +3 (6) besitzt. 197Au-Mößbauer-Spektren beweisen, daß 5 tatsächlich keine gemischte AuI/AuIII 1-Verbindung ist, sondern das Strukturelement Au24⊕ enthalten muß.  -  DPA kann mit n-C4H9Li am Stickstoff metalliert und mit (CH3)3SiCl in den Liganden [(C6H5)2P]2NSi(CH3)3 verwandelt werden, von dem jedoch noch kein Goldkomplex zu erhalten war.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120212
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