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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in P2X receptor responses of sensory neurons from P2X3-deficient mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons respond to ATP with transient, persistent or biphasic inward currents. In contrast, the ATP responses in nodose neurons are persistent. These sustained currents are also heterogeneous, with one component being accounted for by P2X2/3 receptors, and the residual response probably mediated by P2X2 receptors, although the direct evidence for this has been lacking. In the present study, we examined the P2X receptors on DRG and nodose neurons from P2X3-deficient (P2X3−/−) mice, using whole cell voltage-clamp recording and immunohistochemistry. We found that all P2X3−/− DRG neurons lacked rapidly desensitizing response to ATP, and both DRG and nodose neurons from P2X3-null mutant mice no longer responded to α,β-methylene ATP (αβmeATP). In contrast, ATP evoked persistent inward current in 12% of DRG neurons and 84% of nodose neurons from P2X3−/− mice. This retained persistent response to ATP on nodose neurons had an EC50 for ATP of 77 µm, was antagonized by Cibacron blue and pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid, potentiated by Zn2+ and acidification, but not enhanced by ivermectin or diinosine pentaphosphate. 2′,3′-O-Trinitrophenyl-ATP antagonized this response with an IC50 of 8 µm. All these properties are consistent with those of recombinant P2X2 homomeric receptors. Furthermore, specific P2X2 receptor immunoreactivity detected in wild-type sensory neurons was unaltered in null mutant mice. Therefore, the αβmeATP-insensitive persistent responses on nodose neurons are likely to be mediated by P2X2 homomers, which contribute to 60% of currents evoked by 100 µm ATP in the wild type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01805.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purinergic receptor expression in the regenerating epidermis in a rat model of normal and delayed wound healing (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  This study investigated changes in the protein expression of purinergic receptors in the regenerating rat epidermis during normal wound healing, in denervated wounds, and in denervated wounds treated with nerve growth factor (NGF), where wound healing rates are normalized. Excisional wounds were placed within denervated, pedicled, oblique, groin skin flaps, and in the contralateral abdomen to act as a control site. Six rats had NGF-treated wounds and six had untreated wounds. Tissue was harvested at day four after wounding. The re-epithelializing wound edges were analyzed immunohistochemically for P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors, and immunostaining of keratinocytes was quantified using optical densitometry.In normal rat epidermis, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors were found in the basal layer where keratinocytes proliferate; P2X5 receptors were associated with proliferating and differentiating epidermal keratinocytes in basal and suprabasal layers; P2X7 receptors were associated with terminally differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. In the regenerating epidermis of denervated wounds, P2Y1 receptor protein expression was significantly increased in keratinocytes (P 〈 0.001) but P2Y2 receptor protein expression was significantly decreased (P 〈 0.001). Conversely, NGF treatment of denervated wounds, reduced expression of P2Y1 receptors (P 〈 0.001) in keratinocytes but enhanced expression of the P2Y2 receptors (P 〈 0.01) compared with untreated denervated wounds. In innervated wounds, NGF treatment enhanced P2X5 (P 〈 0.001) and P2Y1 receptor protein (P 〈 0.001) expression in keratinocytes. P2X7 receptors were absent in all experimental wound healing preparations. P2X5, P2X7, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptor protein expression in the regenerating epidermis was altered both during wound healing and also by NGF treatment. Possible roles for purinergic signalling and its relation to NGF in wound healing are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.00110.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment with arimoclomol, a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delays disease progression in ALS mice (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 10 (2004), S. 402-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition in which motoneurons of the spinal cord and motor cortex die, resulting in progressive paralysis. This condition has no cure and results in eventual death, usually within 1–5 years of diagnosis. Although the specific ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1021
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vessel tone and remodeling (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 16-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Vascular shear stress (caused by biomechanical forces associated with changes in blood flow) and hypoxia stimulate endothelial cells to release ATP. Purinergic P2 nucleotide receptors on endothelial cells bind ATP, which triggers secretion of nitric oxide, resulting in vasodilation. Although P2Y ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0106-16
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary bladder hyporeflexia and reduced pain-related behaviour in P2X 3 -deficient mice (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 407 (2000), S. 1011-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Extracellular ATP is implicated in numerous sensory processes ranging from the response to pain to the regulation of motility in visceral organs. The ATP receptor P2X3 is selectively expressed on small diameter sensory neurons, supporting this hypothesis. Here we show that mice ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35039519
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ludwig Robert Müller Memorial Lecture (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 10 (2000), S. 355-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02322261
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P2 receptors in the thymus: expression of P2X and P2Y receptors in adult rats, an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridisation study (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 300 (2000), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: P2 receptor Thymus Immunohistochemistry In situ hybridisation Western blot Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The expression of the seven P2X receptor subtypes and of two P2Y receptors was examined immunohistochemically and by in situ hybridisation in thymi of adult male rats. P2X4, P2Y2 and 4 receptor mRNA colocalisation studies combining in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry were also carried out. P2X and P2Y receptors were found on thymocytes. P2X receptors were also abundant in cells of the thymic microenvironment, involved in control of T-cell maturation in vivo. We are the first to describe the expression of P2X4 receptors on thymocytes and confirm the finding of P2X1 and P2Y2 receptors on subpopulations of lymphocytes. P2X1,2,3,4 and 5 receptors were present in blood vessels of the thymus. P2X1,2 and 4 receptors were detected in vascular smooth muscle, while P2X3 receptors appeared to be associated with endothelial cells; some small arteries were positive for P2X5, possibly labelling vascular smooth muscle or fibroblasts in the adventitia. P2X2,3,6 and 7 receptors were found on thymic epithelial cells. P2X2 and 3 receptors were abundant on medullary epithelial cells, whilst P2X6 receptors were prominent in Hassall's corpuscles. P2X2 receptors were found on subcapsular and perivascular epithelial cells. P2X2,6 and 7 receptors were detected in epithelial cells along the thymic septa. Expression of P2X receptors was also investigated by Western blotting of crude thymic tissue extracts under reducing conditions. All seven P2X receptor subtypes were found to be dimers of approximately 70 kDa and 140 kDa molecular weight. ATP-mediated apoptosis and cell proliferation of thymocytes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of arginine vasopressin in coronary vessels of newborn rat (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 299 (2000), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin Immunolocalization Coronary vessels Neonate Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report on the ultrastructural distribution of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the heart of newborn rats using pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry with a polyclonal AVP antibody for electron microscopy. Positive labelling for AVP was localized in endothelial cells of main coronary arteries and cardiac vessels of smaller diameter (microvessels). Examination of the right coronary artery showed that approximately 58% of the endothelial cells were positive for AVP. Immunoreactivity to AVP in the cytoplasm of arterial endothelium predominated in association with the membranes of granular endoplasmic reticulum and in subplasmalemmal areas. The endothelium of small vessels exhibits less endoplasmic reticulum, but still shows AVP immunoprecipitate in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that endothelial AVP may contribute to vasomotor control of the coronary circulation in the early stages of postnatal development. AVP antibody also labelled some fibroblast/fibroblast-like cells associated with the coronary arteries and microvessels; thus, these cells as well as the endothelium appear to be a source of AVP in the newborn rat heart. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004419900171
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P2X receptor immunoreactivity in the male genital organs of the rat (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 300 (2000), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: P2X receptor Immunohistochemistry Ductus epididymidis Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of ATP ionotropic P2X receptors in the genital organs of the male rat has been investigated with immunohistochemical techniques using specific antibodies to P2X1–7 receptors. In the excretory ducts of the testis (ductus epididymidis, vas deferens and its associated seminal vesicles), the major signals were seen with antibodies to P2X1 and P2X2 in the membranes of the smooth muscle layer, suggesting that these receptors are involved in the process of sperm transport and ejaculation. In the penis body, strong P2X1 and weaker P2X2 immunoreactivity was seen in the smooth muscle of blood vessels and the corpus cavernosum, suggesting a participation in the detumescence process. P2X5 immunoreactivity, a marker for differentiating cells in stratified squamous epithelia, was observed in the epithelia of the terminal urethra, the "horny spur" (spine-studded epithelium of the glans) and the inner surface of the prepuce. Antibodies to P2X3 reacted with nerve fibres in the adventitia of vas deferens, and the P2X6 receptor was localised in the basal lamina of the epithelium. In the prostate, there was immunostaining of the smooth muscle between the tubules with antibody for P2X1, but not with P2X2; P2X3 immunostaining of nerves and strong P2X7 immunostaining of the glandular epithelium of the prostate were also present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of P2X receptor subtypes in the rat female reproductive tract at late pro-oestrus/early oestrus (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 299 (2000), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: P2 receptor Immunohistochemistry Ovary Uterus Vagina Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Using immunohistochemistry techniques, we have examined the female reproductive organs of the rat in late pro-oestrus/early oestrus for the presence of purine nucleotide P2X1–7 receptors. In contrast to the male genital organs and the urinary tract, P2X1 receptors were present weakly, if at all, on smooth muscle membranes, except in blood vessels, whereas P2X2 immunoreactivity in smooth muscle was present in ovary and uterus as well as in blood vessels. Neither P2X1 nor P2X2 receptors were present in fallopian tubes. P2X5 receptors were seen in the differentiating cell layers of the stratified squamous vaginal epithelium and also in the very early stages of ovarian follicular development; P2X6 receptors were present in secondary follicles. P2X7 receptors, markers for programmed cell death, were present in the keratinised vaginal epithelium and also in the exfoliating superficial endometrial cells. The possible biological significance of these signalling molecules in the female reproductive tract is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004419900138
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