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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Blood donors ; Contraceptives, oral ; Ferritin ; Hemoglobin ; Iron metabolism ; Menopause ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The general impact of blood donation on iron status was studied in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women in age cohorts of 30, 40, 50, and 60 years; 809 were premenopausal and 550 postmenopausal; 180 (13%) were blood donors. Iron stores were assessed by serum (S-)ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb). Hb levels were not significantly different in donors: mean 137±10 (SD) g/l (8.5±0.6 mmol/l) compared with nondonors, 139±11 g/l (8.6±0.7 mmol/l). Values 〈 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l) were observed in 3.3% of donors vs 3.8% of nondonors. Correlations between S-ferritin and Hb were without practical relevance:r s=0.29,p〈0.0001 in donors vsr s=0.22, p〈0.0001 in nondonors. Blood donation had a profound influence on iron status, especially in the premenopausal women population. Donors had lower S-ferritin than nondonors in all age-groups and in pre- and postmenopausal groups (p〈0.001 in all groups). Premenopausal donors had a median S-ferritin of 31μg/l vs 39μg/l in nondonors, postmenopausal donors of 47μg/l vs 72μg/l in nondonors. S-ferritin values 〈 15μg/l (i.e., depleted iron stores) were observed in 31.7% of premenopausal donors vs 15.2% of nondonors, and in 7.0% of postmenopausal donors vs 2.9% of nondonors. Iron deficiency anemia (i.e., S-ferritin 〈 15μg/l and Hb 〈 121 g/l) was seen in 2.8% of donors vs 1.5% of nondonors. Donors using oral contraceptives had higher S-ferritin, median 33μg/l compared with nonusers, 22μg/l, and a lower frequency of depleted iron stores, 29% vs 39%. Ideally, the frequency of phlebotomy should be adjusted according to S-ferritin as well as Hb levels. If Hb is used as single criterion for donation, only donors with predonation values ≥ 124–125 g/l should be allowed to undergo phlebotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 72 (1996), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Alcohol ; Ferritin ; Iron metabolism ; Men ; Social class ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The objective was to examine the relationships between serum ferritin, alcohol intake, and socioeconomic factors (school education, occupational education, occupation, income, marital status, cohabitation status, housing, social class) in a population survey performed in Copenhagen County during 1982–1984. The participants were selected at random from the census register and comprised 2235 healthy Danish individuals, non-blood donors (1044 men, 1191 women) in cohorts being 30, 40, 50, and 60 years old. The participants gave a detailed social and medical history and had a clinical examination including blood samples. In all age-groups, men had significantly higher serum ferritin and alcohol intake than women. In men, there was no relationship between serum ferritin and social class. Significant relationships were observed between ferritin and occupation (unemployed and self-employed men had higher ferritin than those with other occupations) and ferritin and income (in younger men, ferritin displayed a steady increase with income). None of the social variables were related to the prevalence of iron deficiency or iron overload. Alcohol intake was related to occupation and income, but not to social class. In women, none of the social variables showed any significant relationship to ferritin levels or iron overload. The prevalence of small iron stores (serum ferritin ≤30 μg/l) was lower and the intake of alcohol was higher in women from high social classes. In both men and women, serum ferritin displayed highly significant positive correlations with alcohol intake. Likewise, the prevalence of iron overload (serum ferritin 〉90th percentile) was closely correlated to alcohol intake. In conclusion, socioeconomic factors per se had a minor influence on serum ferritin levels and iron status in Danes. The distinct association between alcohol intake and serum ferritin levels should be considered in future iron status surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 64 (1992), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Hemoglobin ; Iron metabolism ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Iron status, including serum (S-)ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb), was assessed in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women in age cohorts of 30, 40, 50, and 60 years. S-ferritin levels were similar in 30- and 40-year-old women; they displayed a significant increase in 50-year-old women and a further significant increase in 60-year-old women. In the 30- and 40-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 38μg/l, 5–95 percentile 6–135μg/l; 17.2% had values 〈 15,μg/l (i.e., depleted iron stores), 22.7% values from 15 to 30μg/l (i.e., small iron stores), and 60.1% values 〉 30μg/l (i.e., replete iron stores). In the 50-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 54μg/l, 5–95 percentile 10–164μg/l; 10.3% had values 〈 15μg/l, 16.5% values from 15 to 30μg/l, and 73.2% values 〉 30μg/l. For the 60-year-old women, median S-ferritin was 84μg/l, 5–95 percentile 25–249μg/l; 1.6% had values 〈 15μg/l, 8.6% values from 15 to 30μg/l, and 89.8% values 〉 30μg/l. Blood donors (n=180) had lower S-ferritin than nondonors in all age-groups (p〈0.001). In the entire series, Hb levels were similar in 30- and 40-year-old women, median 137 g/l (8.5 mmol/l), 5–95 percentile 121–152 g/1 (7.5–9.4 mmol/l), and higher in 50- and 60-year-old women, median 140 g/l (8.7 mmol/l), 5–95 percentile 123-158 g/l (7.6–9.8 mmol/l) (p〈0.0001). Hb values 〈 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l) were observed in 3.8% of the women. Women with S-ferritin 〈 15 μg/l (n=161) had lower Hb, median 134 g/l (8.3 mmol/l), than those with S-ferritin 〉 15 μg/l, median 139 g/l (8.6 mmol/l) (p〈0.001). Iron deficiency anemia (S-ferritin 〈 15 μg/l and Hb 〈 121 g/l) was seen in 2.3% of 30- and 40-year-old women, and in 1.1% of 50- and 60-year-old women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Contraceptives, oral ; Estrogen replacement therapy ; Ferritin ; Hemoglobin ; Iron metabolism ; Menopause ; Parity ; Women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Iron status was assessed by measuring serum (S-) ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) in a population survey comprising 1359 nonpregnant Danish women, in age cohorts of 30,40, 50, and 60 years; 809 were premenopausal and 550 postmenopausal. Median age for menarche was 14 years, for menopause (artificial and natural) 48 years. Premenopausal women had lower S-ferritin (median 37Μg/l) than postmenopausal women (median 71Μg/l;p〈0.0001). Of the premenopausal women, 17.7% had S-ferritin 〈 15Μg/l (i.e., depleted iron stores), and 23.1% S-ferritin of 15–30Μg/l (i.e., small iron stores). Corresponding figures in postmenopausal women were 3.3% and 10.3%. Hb values in premenopausal women were mean 137±10 (SD) g/l (8.5±0.6 mmol/l) vs. 140±10 g/l (8.7±0.6 mmol/l) in postmenopausal women (p〈0.0001); 4.1% of pre- and 3.3% of postmenopausal women had values 〈 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l). Iron deficiency anemia (i.e., S-ferritin 〈 15Μg/l and Hb 〈 121 g/l) was found in 2.6% of pre- and 0.36% of postmenopausal women. Premenopausal multipara had lower S-ferritin than nulli- and unipara (p〈0.04). The use of oral contraceptives had a marked influence on iron stores; premenopausal women taking the pill had higher S-ferritin and a lower frequency of depleted iron reserves than nonusers (p〈0.01). Postmenopausal estrogen treatment had no influence on S-ferritin or Hb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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