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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 515-523 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herzerkrankung ; Thoraxschmerz ; Psychosomatische Störung ; Key words Heart disease ; Chest pain ; Psychosomatic disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aims: Chest pain in children is often suspected to originate from cardiac disease. Aim of this study was to characterise the symptomatology of supposed cardiac chest pain in children and to investigate whether cardiac disease indeed underlies the pain or not. Furthermore, indications for a psychosomatic origin of the pain were searched for. Methods: The study involved 456 children referred to a pediatric cardiology outpatient department for chest pain. The patients were evaluated by ECG and echocardiogram. In selected cases, a chest radiograph, exercise ECG, or a 24-hour ECG monitoring was performed. A subgroup of 52 children and parents was interviewed on the basis of a questionnaire to evaluate the symptomatology of the pain, the family history, and psychosocial factors. Results: 15% of the children had diverse structural anomalies or arrhythmias usually of a low grade. The frequency of these findings did not differ from that of a control group without chest pain. Independent of the presence of these findings cardiac function was normal during exercise. The characteristic symptomatology (short, sharp, no radiation) did not correspond to that of ischemic heart disease, and was largely identical in children with and without cardiac findings. Factors typical of psychosomatic disorders were observed: a positive family history of „functional cardiac complaints” and other psychosomatic disorders particularly with regard to the mother, other somatic complaints prior to or along with the chest pain, and the presence of stressful life events. Conclusions: These data suggest that the described chest pain in children is a psychosomatic condition rather than caused by organic cardiac disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Thoraxschmerzen bei Kindern werden häufig mit Erkrankungen des Herzens in Zusammenhang gebracht. Im Rahmen dieser Studie sollten der Symptomkomplex kindlicher „Herzschmerzen” charakterisiert und seine Genese aus kardiologischer Sicht untersucht werden. Ein weiteres Ziel bestand darin, Hinweise auf psychogene Faktoren in der Schmerzgenese zu erhalten. Methode: In die Studie waren 456 Kinder einbezogen, die unter dem Verdacht von „Herzschmerzen” an kinderkardiologische Ambulanzen überwiesen worden waren. Die Basisdiagnostik umfaßte EKG und Echokardiographie. In vielen Fällen erfolgten zusätzlich Langzeit-EKG, Thoraxröntgen oder Belastungs-EKG. Zur Beschreibung der Symptomatik und zur Evaluierung familiärer und psychosozialer Faktoren wurde ein Fragebogen ausgearbeitet und damit eine Untergruppe von 52 Kindern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei 15% der Kinder wurden verschiedenartige und meist geringfügige strukturelle und funktionelle Abweichungen vom Normalbefund des Herzens beobachtet. Ihre Prävalenz war nicht höher als in einer Kontrollpopulation. Unabhängig vom Vorhandensein dieser Befunde war die kardiale Leistungsfähigkeit normal. Die typische Symptomatik (kurz, stechend, ohne Ausstrahlung) entsprach nicht der des ischämischen Herzschmerzes und war bei Kindern mit und ohne kardiale Veränderungen weitgehend identisch. Es wurden Faktoren beobachtet, die typisch für psychosomatische Erkrankungen sind: eine positive Familienanamnese für „funktionelle Herzbeschwerden” und andere psychosomatische Erkrankungen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Mutter, das gleichzeitige oder zeitlich versetzte Auftreten anderer Schmerzsyndrome und potentielle psychosoziale Belastungen. Schlußfolgerungen: Vermutlich spielen nicht manifeste organische Veränderungen am Herzen, sondern psychosomatische Faktoren in der Pathogenese des hier charakterisierten kindlichen Thoraxschmerzes eine Rolle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Wien : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of economics/Zeitschrift für Nazionalökonomie. 10:1 (1941:Feb. 15) 176 
    ISSN: 0931-8658
    Topics: Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wirtschaftsbeschreibung und Wirtschaftsgeschichte
    Notes: Einzelbesprechungen
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wien : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of economics/Zeitschrift für Nazionalökonomie. 10:1 (1941:Feb. 15) 181 
    ISSN: 0931-8658
    Topics: Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Soziologie
    Notes: Einzelbesprechungen
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wien : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of economics/Zeitschrift für Nazionalökonomie. 10:2 (1942:Okt. 5) 330 
    ISSN: 0931-8658
    Topics: Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Volkswirtschaftspolitik
    Notes: Einzelbesprechungen
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 571-572 (Mar. 2008), p. 421-425 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Alumina-zirconia multilayered ceramics have been proposed as an alternative for thedesign of structural ceramics with improved fracture toughness and strength reliability. During theprocessing of these laminates, significant residual stresses may arise due to the thermal expansionmismatch between adjacent layers. The correct evaluation of such stress distribution in the laminatemay determine its range of application. In this work, the residual stress state in a layered materialdesigned with five thick alumina layers of approximately 650 microns alternated with four thinalumina-zirconia layers of approximately 140 microns was estimated using different methods. Afinite element analysis (FEM) was performed for stress evaluation in the bulk and an indentationmethod and X-Ray diffraction to account for stresses at the surface. Experimental findings show aconstant stress distribution within the bulk for each layer, while at the surface stress positiondependence is observed in the alumina layers, being the maximum tensile stresses near the layerinterface. The accuracy of the results provided by each technique is discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 524-525 (Sept. 2006), p. 211-216 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials andcomponents in new technologies the direct measurement, calculation and evaluation of textures andresidual stresses has gained worldwide significance in recent years. Non-destructive analysis forphase specific residual stresses and textures is only possible by means of diffraction methods. Inorder to cater for the development of these analytical techniques the new Materials ScienceDiffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II is designed to be equally applied to texture and residualstress analyses by virtue of its flexible configuration. The system compromises a highly flexiblemonochromator setup using three different monochromators: Ge (511), bent silicon (400) andpyrolitic graphite (PG). This range of monochromators and the possibility to vary the take-off anglesfrom 2θM = 35º to 110º allows wavelength adjustment such that measurements can be performedaround a scattering angle of 2θS ~ 90º. This is important in order to optimise neutron flux andresolution, especially for stress analysis on components, since the gauge volume element in that caseis cubic and large vertical divergences due to focusing monochromators do not affect the spatialresolution.The instrument is now available for routine operation and here we will present details of recentexperiments and instrument performance
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 25 (1998), S. 503-511 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A two-component laser Doppler velocimeter with high spatial and temporal resolution was used to obtain measurements for fully developed turbulent flow of water through a channel with an aspect ratio of 12 : 1 at Re=5700 (based on the centerline velocity and the half-height of the channel). Statistical quantities that were determined are the mean streamwise velocity, the root-mean-square of the fluctuations of the streamwise and the normal velocities, the Reynolds shear stress and higher order moments. Turbulence production is calculated from these quantities. Turbulence statistics obtained from experiments are compared with results from a direct numerical simulation at the same Reynolds number. The good agreement validates a recent DNS, at Re=5700, which is approximately twice as large as used in most previous studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Chronic hypoxia ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Right ventricular hypertrophy ; ANP gene expression ; β/α-Myosin gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  It is unclear whether the increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration during hypoxia is due to direct, hypoxia-induced upregulation of ANP secretion in the heart, or to pressure overload of the right ventricle (RV) following hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. To test the hypothesis that hypoxia leads to an early upregulation of the ANP gene, we examined the influence of acute and prolonged inspiratory hypoxia (6 h, 1 or 3 weeks) on the expression of ANP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in rat heart and compared the results with the expression of the ANP gene after acute pressure overload induced by experimental coarctation of the main pulmonary artery. As a molecular marker for hypertrophy we determined the ratio of α- and β-myosin gene expression. Hypoxia increased systolic RV pressure from 20.0 ± 1.6 mmHg to 27.8 ± 1.6 mmHg (P 〈 0.01) and 41.6 ± 2.1 mmHg (P 〈 0.05) after 1 and 3 weeks hypoxia respectively. The ANP plasma concentration did not change significantly after 6 h or 1 week: 232 ± 21 pg/ml (control), 246 ± 25 pg/ml (6 h), 268 ± 25 pg/ml (1 week), but increased significantly after 3 weeks hypoxia (446.8 ± 99.56 pg/ml; P 〈 0.05). ANP mRNA levels in different regions of the heart did not change after 6 h or 1 week hypoxia. After 3 weeks hypoxia ANP mRNA had increased 2.7-fold in the RV (P 〈 0.05), 4.2-fold in the left ventricle (LV, P 〈 0.05), 3.5-fold in the septum (S, P 〈 0.05) and about 1.4-fold in the right (n.s.) and left atrium (n.s.). Relative ventricular masses increased significantly only for the RV (190%, P 〈 0.05) during hypoxia. The β/α-myosin mRNA ratio did not change after 6 h hypoxia but, contrary to ANP gene expression, increased after just 1 week (6.1-fold in RV, 7.8-fold in LV, 6-fold in S; P 〈 0.05) and was more pronounced in the RV after 3 weeks (9.4-fold in RV, 7.6-fold in LV, 9.1-fold in S; P 〈 0.05). The increase in the β/α-myosin mRNA ratio in the LV contrasts with a lack of increase in relative ventricular mass. Acute pressure overload in the RV after pulmonary arterial banding significantly increased ANP-mRNA and the β/α-myosin mRNA ratio after 1 day in the RV. In the LV ANP mRNA was unchanged. The delayed upregulation of the ANP gene suggests that hypoxia per se is not a significant stimulus for ANP gene expression in the heart and that hypoxia-induced ANP-gene expression in the heart is regulated predominantly by the increase in RV afterload due to hypoxia-induced increased pulmonary pressure. The upregulation of ANP and β-myosin mRNA in the LV during chronic hypoxia has yet to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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