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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of additives on the ensilage of forage of differing perennial ryegrass and white clover content (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pure perennial ryegrass or perennial ryegrass/white clover mixtures (70:30 and 40:60 on a fresh-matter basis) were ensiled in laboratory silos either untreated or alter treatment with freshly cultured Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarun or freshly cultured Lb. plantarum plus Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis. freeze-dried Lb. plantarum or freeze-dried Lb. Plantarum plus sodium formate, sodium formate or formic acid. The effect of these additives on silage fermentation characteristics and quality of the resultant silages was examined. There were significant interactions between treatments and herbages for all silage quality parameters measured, except for acetic acid concentration. The influence of additives on the final pH of all silages was small but statistically significant. Lactic acid concentration was not directly related to herbage mixture, overall mean values ranging from 118 to 120 ± 1.5 g kg−1 dry matter (DM), but wider variation was seen between treatments for individual herbage mixtures. Acetic acid concentrations were significantly (P〈0·001) affected by herbage mixture ensiled, increasing linearly as clover content increased from zero to 60%. Untreated control and formic acid-treated silages contained significantly (p〈0·001) higher acetic acid concentrations than those treated with other additives. Silage ammonia N concentrations were significantly (p〈0 001) influenced by herbage mixture. Lowest ammonia N concentrations (〈 50 g kg−1 DM) were observed in silages that had been treated with formic acid, freshly cultured Lb. plantarum or Lb. plantarum plus Lc. lactis. The fraction 1 leaf protein (FILP) contents of silages were significantly (P 〈0·001) affected by both treatment and herbage mixture, with consistently and significantly higher values found in freshly cultured inoculant-treated silages. A poor correlation (r2= 0·12) existed between ammonia N and FILP in all silages. The inclusion of up to 60% white clover in the ensiled herbage did not adversely affect final silage quality. However, additive treatment markedly influenced the residual FILP content of silages, those treated with freshly cultured inoculants having the highest values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02320.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of the aerobic deterioration of silage (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A mathematical model of the aerobic deterioration of silage is described that includes the physical processes of gas and heat Rows, as well as an established model of microbial growth and the associated chemical changes. Yeasts and acetic acid bacteria are included in the growth model. The version of the model described relates to a cylinder of silage subject to forced aeration, a common experimental configuration. The model was very sensitive to variations in insulation thickness and yeast growth rate, and to initial pH, especially when maize was the forage. Great care is needed when selecting input data for use in the model to be sure that the physical and chemical properties are accurate. The model solution was sensitive to grid size, but with 361 cells, the maximum grid resolution that could be used on a 486 series PC, solutions were achieved with an acceptably small loss of accuracy. The model predicted the results of an experiment on silage deterioration quite accurately. However, the model also predicted that considerable spatial gradients of parameters, such as temperature, pH, and lactic acid, would occur. This indicates the need for care when taking samples or making temperature measurements in deterioration experiments. The model is potentially a useful tool in predicting the optimal time and position to take samples for analysis in a time-course experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02306.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in temperature and silo gas composition during ensiling, storage and feeding-out grass silage (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is reported in which two bunker silos were filled with about 12 t of ryegrass; one was compacted with a surface pressure of 4·1 kPa and the other was not. Both were instrumented to record temperatures and gas compositions during fermentation and feed-out. Cores of silage (100 mm diameter) were removed from the bunkers and subjected to forced aeration in insulated cylinders. Simple mathematical models were used to simulate CO2 leakage from the silos and the associated loss of dry matter, and temperature changes during the forced aeration of silage cores. The leakage of CO2 from the silos, as shown by the fall in CO2 concentration with time, could be described empirically by an exponential equation and could be simulated with a simple mathematical model. Experimental evidence supported the hypothesis that permeation was the main method of gaseous exchange during fermentation and feed-out, but gas mixing by diffusion and/or convection also occurred within the silos during fermentation. Dry-matter losses by aerobic activity during storage of 120–150 d were conservatively estimated to be about 0·3% and 0·9% for the uncompacted and compacted bunkers respectively. These were considered to be lower than those that could be expected in farm silos, because the sealing was likely to be more thorough. The silages were also more stable, when subject to aeration, than others examined in this laboratory, probably because of high contents of acetic, propionic and butyric acids. Simple mathematical models were of value, but greater sophistication is needed (e.g. multi-compartmental models) to deal comprehensively with the heat and gas flows found in the complex biophysical systems of silage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02348.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pumps as Turbines and Induction Motors as Generators for Energy Recovery in Water Supply Systems (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Pressure-reducing valves, which dissipate energy, are often used in water supply systems to regulate the downstream pressure levels. If a reverse running pumpset is installed alongside such a valve, most of the dissipated energy can be recovered.This paper describes a system of this type which has recently been installed by North West Water, with advice and specialized equipment supplied by the Nottingham Trent University Micro-Hydro Group. The power produced by the energy-recovery system is used to run and monitor a remote potable-water dosing plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00169.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial ecology of a threatened python (Morelia spilota imbricata) and the effects of anthropogenic habitat change (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Austral ecology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-9993
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Large predators play important ecological roles, but often are sensitive to habitat changes and thus are early casualties of habitat perturbation. Pythons are among the largest predators in many Australian environments, and hence warrant conservation-orientated research. Carpet pythons (Morelia spilota imbricata) have declined across much of south-western Australia presumably because of habitat clearance and degradation. Information on habitat use, home range sizes and movements is needed to plan for the conservation of this important predator. We studied pythons at two study sites (Garden Island and Dryandra Woodland) with markedly different climates, habitat types and disturbance histories. We surgically implanted radio-transmitters in 91 pythons and tracked them for periods of 1 month to 4 years. Dryandra pythons remained inactive inside tree hollows during cooler months (May–September), whereas some (especially small) pythons on Garden Island continued to move and feed. Overall weekly displacements (mean = 100–150 m) were similar at the two study sites and among sex/age classes, except that reproductive females were sedentary during summer while they were incubating eggs. Home ranges averaged 15–20 ha. Adult male pythons had larger home ranges than adult females at Dryandra, but not at Garden Island. Radio-tracked snakes at Dryandra exhibited high site fidelity, returning to previously occupied logs after long absences and reusing tree hollows for winter shelter. Many of the logs used by snakes had been felled during plantation establishment 〉70 years ago, with little subsequent regeneration of source trees. In contrast, Garden Island snakes usually sheltered under dense shrubs. Habitat usage was similar among different sex/age classes of snakes at each site, except that juvenile pythons were more arboreal than adults. Although carpet pythons demonstrate great flexibility in habitat use, certain habitat elements appear critical for the persistence of viable populations. Fire plays a central role in this process, albeit in complex ways. For example, low-intensity fires reduce the availability of hollow logs on the ground at Dryandra and fail to regenerate shrub thickets required by prey species. Paradoxically, high-intensity fires stimulate shrub thickets and fell trees creating new logs – but might also threaten overwinter trees. Thus, the impact of disturbances (such as wildfires) on the viability of python populations will be mediated in complex ways by alteration to important microhabitats such as vegetation cover or log availability. At Dryandra, landscape management should include occasional fire events to generate new logs as well as shrub thickets used by prey. Strategic burning may also be required at Garden Island to regenerate some vegetation communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01462.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scrapie replication in lymphoid tissues depends on prion protein-expressing follicular dendritic cells (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 5 (1999), S. 1308-1312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The immune system is central in the pathogenesis of scrapie and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or 'prion' diseases. After infecting by peripheral (intraperitoneal or oral) routes, most TSE agents replicate in spleen and lymph nodes before neuroinvasion. Characterization ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/15264
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439 (2006), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars (the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04441
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On High-Resolution Reciprocal-Space Mapping with a Triple-Crystal Diffractometer for High-Energy X-rays (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 82-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597013228
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-Dependent Growth and Survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a Semi-Closed Recirculating System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract.— Two growth trials utilizing Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus setiferus were conducted at densities of 28.4, 56.8, 85.2, 113.6, 170.4, 227.3 and 284.1/ m2 in an indoor recirculating system. There was an inverse linear relationship between stocking density and growth among both species. The relationship between final weight and stocking density is described by the following linear equation: P. setiferus, Y =−0.00619X ± 4.46, adj. r2= 0.8572;.P. vannamei, Y=−0.00717X ± 7.39, adj. r2= 0.6230. Although the responses in terms of growth depressions were similar, P. setiferus growth was lower than that of P. vannamei. There was an inverse relationship between stocking density and survival for P. setiferus. Survival of P. vannamei was highly variable but was negatively correlated with density. Based on the results of the present study, P. setiferus has a similar tolerance of high density as that of P. vannamei and hence may be suitable for intensive culture systems. However, depressed growth rates of P. setiferus, which do not appear to be due to effects of water quality or density, must be solved if growth rates similar to P. vannamei are to be realized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00600.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of cinnoline to N-oxidation products by Cunninghamella elegans and Aspergillus niger (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: azaarenes; biotransformation; fungi; heterocyclic compounds; N-oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cultures of the fungi Cunninghamella elegans and Aspergillus niger were grown in fluid Sabouraud medium at 28°C for 3 days and then dosed with cinnoline (1,2-diazanaphthalene). After 3 more days, metabolites were extracted from the cultures with ethyl acetate, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and identified by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both fungi oxidized 2–10% of the added cinnoline to mixtures of cinnoline 2-oxide and cinnoline 1-oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900574
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