Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • Trigger delay  (2)
  • Amino acid nutrition  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of different triggering systems and external PEEP on trigger capability of the ventilator (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Work of breathing ; Pressure support ventilation ; Lung model ; Artificial ventilation ; Ventilators ; Trigger delay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective The triggering capability of both the pressure and flow triggering systems of the Servo 300 ventilator (Siemens-Elema, Sweden) was compared at various levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), airway resistance (Raw), inspiratory effort and air leak, using a mechanical lung model. Design The ventilator was connected to a two bellows-in-series-type lung model with various mechanical properties. Lung complicance and chest wall compliance were 0.03 and 0.12 l/cmH2O, respectively. Raw was 5, 20 and 50 cmH2O/l/s. Respiratory rate was 15 breaths/min. To compare the triggering capability of both systems, the sensitivity of pressure and flow triggered pressure support ventilation (PSV) was adjusted to be equal by observing the triggering time at 0 cmH2O PEEP and 16 cmH2O of pressure support (PS) with no air leak. No auto-PEEP was developed. In the measurement of trigger delay, the PS level ranged from 16 to 22 cmH2O to attain a set tidal volume (VT) of 470 ml at a Raw of 5, 20 and 50 cmH2O/l/s. The PEEP level was then changed from 0, 5 and 10 cmH2O at a PS level of 17 cmH2O and Raw of 5 and 20 cmH2O/l/s, and the trigger delay was determined. The effect of various levels of air leak and inspiratory effort on triggering capability was also evaluated. Inspiratory effort during triggering delay was estimated by measurements of pressure differentials of airway pressure (Paw) and driving pressure in the diaphragm bellows (Pdriv) in both systems. Measurements and results There were no significant differences in trigger delay between the two triggering systems at the various PEEP and Raw levels. At the matched sensitivity level, air leak decreased trigger delay in both systems, and additional PEEP caused auto-cycling. A low inspiratory drive increased trigger delay in the pressure sensing system, while trigger delay was not affected in the flow sensing system. The Paw and Pdriv differentials were lower in flow triggering than in pressure triggering. Conclusions With respect to triggering delay, the triggering capabilities of the pressure and flow sensing systems were comparable with and without PEEP and/or high air-way resistance at the same sensitivity level, unless low inspiratory drive and air leak were present. In terms of pressure differentials, the flow triggering system may require less inspiratory effort to trigger the ventilator than that of the pressure triggering system with a comparable triggering time. However, this difference may be extremely small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700461
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of different triggering systems and external PEEP on trigger capability of the ventilator (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Work of breathing ; Pressure support ventilation ; Lung model ; Artificial ventilation ; Ventilators ; Trigger delay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The triggering capability of both the pressure and flow triggering systems of the Servo 300 ventilator (Siemens-Elema, Sweden) was compared at various levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), airway resistance (Raw), inspiratory effort and air leak, using a mechanical lung model. Design: The ventilator was connected to a two bellows-in-series-type lung model with various mechanical properties. Lung complicance and chest wall compliance were 0.03 and 0.12 l/cmH2O, respectively. Raw was 5, 20 and 50 cmH2O/l/s. Respiratory rate was 15 breaths/min. To compare the triggering capability of both systems, the sensitivity of pressure and flow triggered pressure support ventilation (PSV) was adjusted to be equal by observing the triggering time at 0 cmH2O PEEP and 16 cmH2O of pressure support (PS) with no air leak. No auto-PEEP was developed. In the measurement of trigger delay, the PS level ranged from 16 to 22 cmH2O to attain a set tidal volume (VT) of 470 ml at a Raw of 5, 20 and 50 cmH2O/l/s. The PEEP level was then changed from 0, 5 and 10 cmH2O at a PS level of 17 cmH2O and Raw of 5 and 20 cmH2O/l/s, and the trigger delay was determined. The effect of various levels of air leak and inspiratory effort on triggering capability was also evaluated. Inspiratory effort during triggering delay was estimated by measurements of pressure differentials of airway pressure (Paw) and driving pressure in the diaphragm bellows (Pdriv) in both systems. Measurements and results: There were no significant differences in trigger delay between the two triggering systems at the various PEEP and Raw levels. At the matched sensitivity level, air leak decreased trigger delay in both systems, and additional PEEP caused auto-cycling. A low inspiratory drive increased trigger delay in the pressure sensing system, while trigger delay was not affected in the flow sensing system. The Paw and Pdriv differentials were lower in flow triggering than in pressure triggering. Conclusions: With respect to triggering delay, the triggering capabilities of the pressure and flow sensing systems were comparable with and without PEEP and/or high airway resistance at the same sensitivity level, unless low inspiratory drive and air leak were present. In terms of pressure differentials, the flow triggering system may require less inspiratory effort to trigger the ventilator than that of the pressure triggering system with a comparable triggering time. However, this difference may be extremely small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700461
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviors and nutritional importance of coprophagy in captive adult and young nutrias (Myocastor coypus) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1998), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Keywords Nutrias ; 24-h rhythm ; Coprophagy Protein nutrition ; Amino acid nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To estimate the contribution of coprophagy to protein intake, we observed the behavior, particularly that associated with coprophagy, in adult and young captive nutrias (experiment 1), and analyzed chemical composition and amino acid composition, including diaminopimeric acid (DAP), an indication of bacterial-deprived protein, of soft feces, entire hard feces, and the black part and green part of hard feces (experiment 2). Nutrias practiced coprophagy 48 times per 24 h in adults, and 28 times in young animals, which not only had a 24-h rhythm but also had 1-h or 2-h short-term rhythms. Nutrias ingested food and drank water vigorously after sunset, following which they practiced coprophagy from midnight to morning, before lying down for much of the day. When coprophagy was prevented we sampled soft feces, produced from midnight to noon, which had high (P 〈 0.05) concentration of crude protein (CP), DAP on a dry matter (DM) basis and 13 amino acids on a 16 g N basis than hard feces, and had a low (P 〈 0.05) content of acid detergent fiber (ADF). CP was greater in the black part than the green part of hard feces (P 〈 0.05) although ADF was less (P 〈 0.05). The chemical composition of the black part of hard feces was not significantly different from that of soft feces. The dry weight of soft feces excreted in experiment 1 was 34.5 g and 9.7 g DM per 24 h in adult and young animals, respectively. Using this value, the contribution of soft feces to CP intake in adult nutrias was estimated as 16%, superior to that obtained in rabbits for a diet with similar ADF concentration. To Met and Lys intake the contribution of soft feces was 26% and 19%, respectively in adult animals. These results suggest that coprophagy is quite an effective manner for nutrias to ingest extra protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050147
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...