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Various methods to determine the gonadal development and spawning season of the purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus (Sowerby) (2005)

Kim, S. K. ; Rosenthal, H. ; Clemmesen, C. ; [et al.]

Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Journal of applied ichthyology 21 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0426

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The monthly variation in reproductive cycle, condition factor (fatness), gonad index (GI), ovarian egg diameter and biochemical composition [RNA, DNA content and their ratio RNA/DNA (R/D)] were compared to determine the spawning season of the purplish Washington clam, Saxidomus purpuratus, collected from the west sea of Taean, Korea. All these factors were correlated to the spawning season from May to October. Monthly variation and concentration of the R/D ratio especially represented indicative information about the processes of gonad development and spawning patterns. The increases in R/D ratio in the ovaries corresponded with increases in ovarian egg diameters and the GI during the spawning season. The peak of R/D and RNA content in females was a good indicator of sexual maturation and the DNA content in males. During winter between November and January, the value of fatness, GI, egg size, RNA and DNA content were lower than in other seasons, indicating depletion of energy reserves and lower metabolic demands because of colder temperatures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00636.x

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Evaluation of anti-influenza effects of camostat in mice infected with non-adapted human influenza viruses (1996)

Lee, M. G. ; Kim, K. H. ; Park, K. Y. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of virology 141 (1996), S. 1979-1989

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ISSN: 1432-8798

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary The anti-influenza effects of camostat, a serine protease inhibitor, on in vivo influenza infections were evaluated. Mice which received non-adapted human influenza viruses intranasally, developed a reproducible infection with very low mortality. The infection was readily detected by the recovery of the virus from an oropharyngeal swab. Five-week-old ICR mice received intraperitoneal injections of saline (control), amantadine (known positive drug), or camostat, after infection with influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 virus. Virus detection was performed on day 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 of postinfection. Both camostat and amantadine were effective in ameliorating mouse influenza. On day 5, mice injected with camostat (45%) or amantadine (50%) showed a lower virus secreting rate than those receiving saline (90%). Additionally, camostat showed strong anti-influenza effects on an amantadine-resistant type A virus and a type B virus infection in vitro. The results show that blocking the hemagglutinin cleavage is an effective target for development of an anti-influenza agent. They also demonstrate that virus detection from the oropharynx of mice, infected with non-adapted virus, is a useful in vivo influenza model.